Lecture 2- ST influences on eating

Question 1

What is the difference between satiation and satiety?

Answer 1

Satiation is how full you feel (fullness)

Satiety= the absence of hunger between meals

Question 2

GLUCOSTATIC HYPOTHESIS

-Depleted energy stores

Answer 2

Jean Mayer (1955)

There are receptors that monitor blood glucose

When lower, triggers motivation to pursue hunger

Then we eat to end our hunger panes

Question 3

Limitations of Glucostatic hypothesis

Answer 3

1. Very large change in blood glucose are required

2. Liver tends to mobilize energy reserves – glucose levels remain fairly constant

Question 4

Bath tub analogy- Specifics

Answer 4

The relative energy contents of the saucepan (~720 kcal) the bathtub (approximately 1:180)

Effect of meal-to-meal energy expenditure is trivial compared to stored energy (bathtub)

Appetite is governed primarily by recent eating (strong negative feedback)

Question 5

Bath tub analogy-What represents what?

Answer 5

Water in bathtub represents body energy content

Water in saucepan represents food in gut

Contents of bathtub are replenished via saucepan (takes hours to process and to pass the full energy content of sauce pan to bathtub)

Question 6

What is the Cephalic insulin release (Powley, 1977)

Answer 6

Insulin permits glucose to leave the blood and enter cells in muscle tissue and the liver at a higher rate.

This limits perturbation in blood-glucose levels.

Question 7

What happens when animals are deprived of food access but are provided with food associated stimuli?

Answer 7

Woods (1976) found that animals will become will become hypoglycemic

Question 8

Hypoglycemia

Answer 8

Sugars levels in blood are too low

Question 9

Hyperglycemia

Answer 9

is an abnormally high blood glucose

Question 10

What happens when food is injected directly into the stomach of an animal?

Answer 10

The animal become shyperglycemic (excessively elevated blood glucose) because less insulin is secreted (Louis-Sylvestre, 1976)

Question 11

Cue reactivity (Pavlov, 1927)

Answer 11

Tries to condition hunger

After buzzer, animal offered access to liquid meal

Exposed over time to buzzer and light combination

B post meal satiety (no reason to be hungry)

What we interpret as hunger can be elicited as a learned response

Question 12

Birch (1989)

Can we make people hungry by exposing them to food cues?

Answer 12

Receive several days of training  
At Test (Children were already full (satiated): 

Condition stimulus had the capacity to elicit a relative increase in food intake

Question 13

Fedoroff, Polivy & Herman (2003)

Do dieters/non dieters respond to food cues the same way?

Answer 13

Assigned one of three conditions:

• No cue
• Pizza cue
• Cookie cue

There are some differences
When pps exposed to cookies then craving for cookies was greater than when they were exposed to pizza cue (cues are food specific)
When exposed to pizza cue craving for pizza was greater
Thus, there is a specificity to hunger
The cue is specific to the food we are exposed to