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Physiology > Lecture 4 - Cardiovascular I > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Cardiovascular I Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system delivers ___ to all body cells and removes ___ from the cells

A

Oxygen and nutrients / carbon dioxide and waste

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of the interstitial fluid environment surrounding the cells of an animal’s body

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3
Q

How does the digestive system interact with the cardiovascular system

A

Food and water intake is processed in the digestive system. the nutrients, salt, and water from food are then transported to cells through the circulatory system

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4
Q

How does the respiratory system interact with the cardiovascular system

A

The respiratory system is responsible for oxygen intake. there is gas exchange between the lungs and blood and the circulatory system will acquire the oxygen, then the CO2 from the blood will be released through the respiratory system

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5
Q

How does the urinary system interact with the cardiovascular system

A

There is an exchange of water and solutes between these two systems to maintain homeostasis. the urinary system will eliminate excess water, salts, and waste from the body

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6
Q

Location of the heart compared to the lungs, sternum, vertebral column, and diaphragm

A
  • Medial to the lungs
  • Dorsal to the sternum
  • Ventral to the vertebral column
  • Anterior to the diaphragm
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7
Q

Pericardium

A

Double-walled membranous sac enclosing the heart (outermost layer), the pericardial cavity is fluid-filled

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

Layer of cardiac muscle which forms the bulk of the heart

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9
Q

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

Crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

Endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface

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11
Q

Function of the pericardium

A
  • Protects and anchors the heart
  • Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
  • Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
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12
Q

Functions of fibrous skeleton of the heart

A
  • Provides structural support by creating a firm base for heart valves/great vessels and anchors the cardiac muscle
  • Provides electrical insulation through separation of the atria from the ventricles and by directing action potentials to specific pathways
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13
Q

Atrium function

A

Receives blood from veins and delivers blood to the ventricle

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14
Q

Ventricle function

A

Pumps blood out of the heart

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15
Q

Septum

A

Wall of cardiac muscle that divides the heart chambers

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16
Q

Vessels that return blood to the heart

A

Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins (left and right)

17
Q

Vessels that direct blood out of the heart

A

Aorta, pulmonary trunk (becomes left and right pulmonary arteries)

18
Q

Myocardial thickness

A

Varies according to the function of the chamber, atria are thin walled, ventricle walls are thicker and stronger

19
Q

Diastole

A

Heart is relaxed and fills with blood, AV valves are open

20
Q

Systole

A

Heart is contracting, semilunar valves are open

21
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Between atria and ventricles, tricuspid on right, bicuspid (mitral) on left

22
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta

23
Q

Lub heart sound

A

When AV valves close, blood recoiling against the closed AV valves

24
Q

Dup heart sound

A

When semilunar valves close, the recoil of blood against closed valves

25
Q

Cardiac muscle cells

A

Branched cells, single nucleus, striated, lots of mitochondria, connected by intercalated disks

26
Q

Intercalated disks

A

Desmosomes transmit tension by connecting the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells, gap junctions transmit action potentials

27
Q

Sarcomere

A

Basic contractile unit of muscle

28
Q

Thin filament

A

Actin

29
Q

Thick filament

A

Myosin

30
Q

A band

A

Region occupied by thin and thick filaments

31
Q

I band

A

Thin filaments only

32
Q

Which band shortens during contraction?

A

i band

Physiology (52 decks)

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