Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Lecture 18 - Body Fluids and Blood > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - Body Fluids and Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the body is water?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of the body is minerals?

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of the body is protein?

A

18%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of the body is fat?

A

15% but more in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Water is a ________ for many chemicals of the body.

A

Solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The solutions formed by water and body chemicals provide…

A

Media for the body cells to receive and expel materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the physical properties of water that make it ideal for transport?

A
  • High specific heat
  • Provides lubrication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the body’s fluid compartments.

A
  1. Intracellular fluid
  2. Extracellular fluid (2 parts)
    - Interstitial fluid
    - Plasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is most of the body water found?

A

Cells (intracellular fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What percentage of total body weight is from the water in intracellular fluid?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What percentage of total body weight is from the water in extracellular fluid?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the relative volume of water in ECF compartments?

A

Plasma 20% of ECF
Interstitial fluid 80% of ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many litres of water are in the body?

A

40L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many litres of water are in plasma?

A

3L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many litres of water are in interstitial fluid?

A

12L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many litres of water are in intracellular fluid?

A

25L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 main fluid compartments?

A
  1. Intracellular fluid compartment (ICF)
  2. Extracellular fluid compartment (ECF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which organic substances are in body fluids?

A

Glucose
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Hormones
Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which inorganic substances are in body fluids?

A

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Chloride
Phosphate
Sulphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

-Fluid between cells
-Consists of water solvent containing organic and inorganic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the composition of tissue fluid depend on?

A

The exchanges between the cells in the tissue and the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What else does interstitial fluid do?

A

-Medium of interchange between blood and intracellular environment
-Acts as a media for intercellular communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What separates ICF from interstitial fluid?

A

Cellular membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What separates interstitial fluid from blood?

A

Blood vessel walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the major sources of water input?

A

Metabolism - 10%
Foods - 30%
Water intake - 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the major sources of water output?

A

Feces - 4%
Sweat - 8%
Skin and lungs - 28%
Urine - 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some conditions that can affect water loss?

A

-Environmental temperature
-Skin barrier interruptions (burns)
-Exercise
-Diarrheal diseases
-Renal diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 2 driving forces of water movement?

A
  1. Osmotic pressure
  2. Hydrostatic pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The amount of hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis from moving water from low to high concentration across a cell membrane (High concentration = high osmotic pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What will happen to a cell put into a hyperosmotic solution?

A

Water will flow OUT of the cell

31
Q

What will happen to a cell put into a hyposmotic solution?

A

Water will flow INTO the cell

32
Q

What are 2 methods of body fat estimation?

A
  1. Bioelectrical impedance analysis
    2.Deduction
33
Q

What is bioelectrical impedance analysis?

A

Using the resistance of flow of a small current between points on the body to estimate body fat amount, since fat does not conduct electricity

34
Q

What is deduction?

A

Calculating fat mass from total body mass - lean body mass

35
Q

What are 3 disorders of water balance?

A

-Dehydration
-Hypotonic hydration
-Edema

36
Q

What is hypotonic hydration?

A

Cellular over-hydration, which causes cells all over the body to swell and lyse. Also affects RBC’s oxygen carrying ability.

37
Q

What is edema?

A

Accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues due to increased fluid out of blood or decreased fluid into blood

38
Q

What do all of the ions in the body contribute to?

A

The osmotic balance that controls the movement of water between cells and their environment

39
Q

What is the major cation and anion of ECF?

A

Cation: Na+
Anion: Cl-

40
Q

What is the major cation and anion of ICF?

A

Cation: K+
Anion: PO4(3-) - Phosphate

41
Q

What can changes in Na+ levels affect?

A

Plasma volume
Blood pressure
ECF and ICF volumes

42
Q

Why is K+ important?

A

Contributes to the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers

43
Q

What is hyperkalemia and what can happen from it?

A

Increased K+ levels
-Impairs function of skeletal muscles, nervous system, heart
-Heart won’t relax and stay contracted, which is fatal

44
Q

What role does Cl- play in ECF?

A

Maintains proper hydration and electrical neutrality

45
Q

What is the function of bicarbonate in the blood?

A

To act as a buffer to maintain body’s acid-base balance

46
Q

What percent of of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate?

A

90%

47
Q

What is calcium important for in the body?

A

Muscle contraction
Enzyme activity
Blood coagulation
Release of neurotransmitters/hormones

48
Q

What gets activated to allow calcium to be absorbed through the intestines?

A

Vitamin D

49
Q

What is phosphate important for?

A

-Calcium-phosphate salts in bone and teeth
-Phospholipids in cell membranes
-Found in ATP, nucleotides, buffers

50
Q

What is the normal pH of arterial blood?

A

7.4

51
Q

What is the normal pH of venous blood and interstitial fluid?

A

7.35

52
Q

What is the normal pH of ICF?

A

7.0

53
Q

Why is venous blood pH lower than arterial blood pH?

A

The tissues produce CO2 that dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH slightly

54
Q

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

A

A strong acid will dissociate completely in water, a weak acid will not

55
Q

What is the role of a buffer in blood?

A

Permits blood to maintain a narrow pH range even when disturbances occur

56
Q

What will a weak acid absorb?

A

Hydroxyl ions

57
Q

What will a weak base absorb?

A

Hydrogen ions

58
Q

What is the order (in terms of time taken to have an effect) of hydrogen ion regulation in the body?

A
  1. Chemical buffer systems
  2. Brainstem respiratory centers
  3. Renal mechanisms
59
Q

How can proteins act as buffers?

A

Charged regions of protein molecules bind to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions

60
Q

How does hemoglobin function as a buffer?

A

CO2 that has been turned into bicarbonate will release a hydrogen ion, which is then buffered by hemoglobin

61
Q

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

A

In blood cells - to force the dissociation of the acid and make the blood less acidic

62
Q

What two forms is phosphate found in within blood?

A
  1. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4 - weak acid)
  2. Sodium monohydrogen phosphate (NaHPO4- weak base)
63
Q

How does phosphate act as a buffer?

A

Phosphate as a weak acid or weak base binds to a strong acid or strong base to produce water and a weak acid/base

64
Q

What is the primary buffering system of IF?

A

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer

65
Q

What are most of the body’s metabolic wastes?

A

Acids (lactic acid, ketone bodies)

66
Q

What happens when the CO2 levels in your blood rise? (like when u hold ur breath)

A

Excess CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers blood pH and gives you the urge to inhale (respiratory acidosis)

67
Q

What happens to blood pH during hyperventilation?

A

CO2 levels decrease, which reduces levels of carbonic acid and increases pH (respiratory alkalosis)

68
Q

What are some causes of metabolic acidosis?

A

-Increased acid production
-Acid ingestion
-Decreased renal acid excretion
-GI or renal HCO3- loss

69
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Not enough insulin to control blood glucose levels, which creates ketone bodies from fat. This increases the acidity of the blood.

70
Q

How can an overdose of aspirin cause poisoning?

A

The metabolite of aspirin is acidic, so large doses can cause acidosis

71
Q

What is a cause of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hydrochloric acid loss from stomach through vomiting

72
Q

What conditions can lead to respiratory acidosis?

A

Pnuemonia
Heart failure

73
Q

How can aspirin overdose cause respiratory alkalosis?

A

The body will try to compensate for the acidosis by increasing ventilation, leading to alkalosis

Physiology (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions