Lecture 4 - Bones and Bone Markings

Question 1

five parts of the vertebrae

Answer 1

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccyx
(CTLSC)

Question 2

cervical curvature

Answer 2

C1 - C7

Question 3

thoracic curvature

Answer 3

T1 - T12

Question 4

lumbar curvature

Answer 4

L1 - L5

Question 5

sacral curvature

Answer 5

five fused vertebraes

Question 6

coccyx

Answer 6

four fused vertebraes

Question 7

what is the purpose of the vertebrae?

Answer 7

• extends from skull to pelvis
• protects and surrounds the spinal cord
• provides attachments for ribs and muscles of neck + back

Question 8

what is lordosis?

Answer 8

used to describe the curve in your spine in the neck and lower back

Question 9

true ribs

Answer 9

• ribs 1-7
• the ribs that directly articulate with the sternum with their costal cartilages

Question 10

false ribs

Answer 10

• ribs 8-10
• ribs that indirectly articulate with the sternum, as their costal cartilages connect with the seventh costal cartilage

Question 11

floating ribs

Answer 11

• ribs 11 and 12
• attached only to the vertebrae and not to the sternum or any costal cartilages`

Question 12

what is a herniated disc?

Answer 12

• occurs when some of the nucleus pushes through to the spinal canal via a tear in the annulus
• nucleus presses on the spinal nerves causing discomfort `

Question 13

location where two or more bones meet

Answer 13

articulation

Question 14

what does TMJ stand for?

Answer 14

temporomandibular joint

Question 15

what is the significance of temporomandibular joint

Answer 15

they’re the two joints that connect the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone (skull).

Question 16

what is the SI joint?

Answer 16

the sacroiliac joint

Question 17

what is the significance of the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 17

where the sacrum articulates with the iliac bone

Question 18

what is the costochondral junction?

Answer 18

the area located between the distal part of the rib and the costal cartiliage

Question 19

what is hyper/hypolordosis?

Answer 19

hypolordosis = too little curvature of lumbar spine
hyperlordosis = too much curvature of lumbar spine

Question 20

what is hyper/hypokyphosis?

Answer 20

hypokyphosis = too little curvature of thoracic spine
hyperkyphosis = too much curvature of thoracic spine

Question 21

what is scoliosis?

Answer 21

the sideways curvature of a spine

Question 22

name of C1 vertebrae

Answer 22

atlas

Question 23

name of C2 vertebrae

Answer 23

axis

Question 24

what is unique about the C1 and C2 vertebrae?

Answer 24

• no vertebral discs lay between them
• C1 doesn’t have a vertebral body
• C2 has the dens on the body (element/tooth projecting superiorly)

Question 25

what is the significance of the dens in C2?

Answer 25

helps to rotate the head (saying “no”) as the C1 atlast uses the den as a pivot point so it (skull + atlast) can rotate

Question 26

compare thoracic vs lumbar vertebrae

Answer 26

thoracic =
- heart shaped vertebral body
- long spinous process (point inferior)
- circular vertebral foramen
- costal facets

lumbar vertebrae =
- large, kidney shaped vertebral body
- short spinous process (point posterior)
- triangular vertebral foramen

Question 27

which vertebrae receives the most stress?

Answer 27

lumbar

Question 28

These vertebrae allow for mostly flexion and extension of the spine (with other movements more limited).

Answer 28

cervical

Question 29

These vertebrae allow for the greatest range of movement in the spine.

Answer 29

cervical

Question 30

These vertebrae primarily allows for rotation of the spine, along with other movements that are more limited.

Answer 30

cervical