Lecture 3 - Bones, Skeletal Tissue and the Skull Flashcards
7 functions of the skeletal system
1.) support
2.) protection
3.) anchorage (origins, insertions)
4.) mineral and growth factor storage
5.) blood cell formation (red & white)
6.) triglyceride storage
7.) hormone production
are bones considered living tissue?
yes, they respond to the environment
- they can grow, transform and repair themselves throughout life
- this is why there are bumps on bones as muscles and ligaments pull and build up tolerance
what is apart of the axial skeleton?
skull, ribs, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
what is the appendicular skeleton?
part of the body that is comprised up the upper and lower extremities
major cranial sutures
saggital suture, lambdoid suture, coronal suture, squamous suture
spongy bone
- lighter, less dense bone tissue
- made up of small, pieces of bone arranged like a honeycomb
compact bone
- denser, stronger bone tissue
- found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones
thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a bone
trabeculae of spongy bone
type of cell located in lacunae
osteocytes
hollow part of bone containing bone marrow
medullary cavity
difference between red and yellow marrow
- red bone barrow produces blood cells (red, white, platelets)
- yellow marrow stores fat
the membrane of vessels and nerves that wrap around bones
periosteum
membrane lining inner surface of bony canal/haversian canal
endosteum
end part of a lone bone
epiphysis
shaft of a bone
diaphysis
what is the name of the growth plate in bones?
the epiphyseal plate
–> located between the epiphysis and metaphysis of long bones
what is hematopoiesis?
the production of all cellular components of blood
translucent cartilage located in many joints
hyaline cartilage
cartilage located in non load-bearing parts of the body
elastic cartilage
strong tissue found usually in vertebrae and insertions of ligaments + tendons
fibrocartilage
small “lid” above the larynx
epiglottis
the “voice box”
larynx
joint between the pubic bones
pubic symphisis
fibrocartilagenous tissue between the surface of some joints, usually in the knee
menisci
tissue connecting muscle to bone
tendons
characteristic of long bones
long, thin shape
characteristic of short bones
small, cubed shape
characteristics of flat ones
flattened, broad surface
characteristic of sesamoid bone
bone embedded within a tendon or a muscle near joints
characteristic of irregular bones
not long, not small, not flat (i.e vertebrae)
NOT easily characterized
what is a nutrient artery?
- most apparent blood vessel in bones that branches into smaller artieries/arterioles
- provide blood supply to the marrow
most abundant protein in bones
osteocalcin is a hormone secreted by osteoblasts
what is osteoporosis?
a bone disease that develops when mineral density and bone mass decreases, causing higher potenital for fractures
what is osteosarcoma?
type of bone cancer that develop in osteoblast cells (which form bones)
what is the importance of the transverse ligament of C2?
- located at first cervical vertebral body
- acts like a seat belt and holds boney process of C2
small circular bones at form the spine
vertebrae
tear-shaped gland that secretes aqueous portion of tears
lacrimal gland
large rounded projection
tuberosity
narrow ridge of a bone
crest
large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
trochanter
less noticeable narrow ridge of a bone
line
small rounded projection
tubercle
raised area on or above a condyle
epicondyle
any bony prominence
process
sharp, slender, often pointed projection
spine
bony expansion on a narrow neck
head
smooth, flat articular surface
faucet
rounded articular projection that usually associates with a fossa
condyle
round or oval opening through a bone
foramen
narrow, slitlike opening
fissure
indentation at the edge of a structure
notch
shallow basinlike depression in a bone
fossa
canal-like passagement
meatus
cavity within a bone, filled with air and mucous membrane
sinus
narrow channel/ furrow
groove
what is a suture?
- bands of tissue that connect the bones of the skull
- are also anatomical lines where the bony plates of the skull connect
a tubular passage or channel that connects different parts of the body
canal
the “eye sockets” or bilateral and symmetrical bony cavities in the head
orbits
what is the importance of bone markings?
- helps to identify individual bones and bony pieces
- used by clinicians and surgeons
what are the 3 types of bone markings?
(1) articulations
(2) projections
(3) holes
