Lecture 1 - Anatomy Terminology Flashcards
anatomy
identification and description of structures in living things
physiology
the study of how the human body works (functions)
toward the head or upper part of structure
superior or cranial
away from the head or toward the lower part of the structure/body
inferior or caudal
in front of or at the front of the body
anterior or ventral
behind or at the back of the body
posterior or dorsal
at the midline of the body
medial
away from the midline or towards the outer side
lateral
between a more medial and more lateral structure
intermediate
closer to the origin or point of attachment
proximal
farther from the origin or point of attachment
distal
toward or at body surface
superficial (external)
away from body surface, more internal
deep (internal)
on the same side as another structure
ipsilateral
on the side opposite to another structure
contralateral
anatomical position
body is positioned upright, forward facing, arms hanging, palms forward, legs parallel
divides body in right and left halves
median (midsagittal) plane
divides body into front and back
frontal (coronal) plane
divides body top and bottom
transverse plane/ horizontal plane
divides body along a vertical axis (unequal L and R sides)
sagittal plane
increases the angle between two bones
extension, usually straightens limbs
brings bones closer together
flexion
movement of limb in a circular pattern
circumduction
body position on stomach
prone position
moving limb away from the midline of body
abduction
moving limb toward the midline of the body
adduction
body position on spine
supine position
palm facing down
pronation (when radius rotates over ulna)
palm facing up
supination (ulna and radius are parallel)
ankle bending and raising toes upwards
dorsiflexion
movement of foot in downward motion away from body
plantar flexion
movement of body forward parallel to ground
protraction
movement in superior direction
elevation
movement of body backward parallel to ground
retraction
movement in inferior direction
depression
thumb touching other digits of hand
opposition
ankle turning sole of foot away from midline
eversion
ankle turning sole of foot towards midline
inversion
external rotation of limb away from midline
lateral rotation
internal rotation of limb towards midline
medial rotation
movement of body part to the side
lateral flexion
the space that accommodates the brain
cranial cavity
the space that contains the spinal cord
vertebral cavity
the space that contains the heart and lungs
thoracic cavity
space containing the digestive viscera
abdominal cavity
area that contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
pelvic cavity
area that contains the lungs
pleural cavity
what does the ventral cavity contain?
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity
what does the dorsal cavity contain?
vertebral and cranial cavity
abdominal and pelvic cavity combine to make up what cavity?
abdomino-pelvic cavity
the space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures
mediastinum
what are the 4 quadrants
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
what is the purpose of abdominal quadrants?
- helps to study, diagnose and treat patients
- helps to easily locate organs and tissues + localization of pain
the potential space formed between the two layers of serous pericardium around the heart
the pericardial cavity
