Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z Bio104: Gen. Ecology > Lecture 4: Aquatic ecosystems > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Aquatic ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic factors that distinguish aquatic ecosystem

A
  1. Salinity
  2. Hardness
  3. Temperature
  4. Dissolved oxygen
  5. pH
  6. Nutrients
  7. Turbidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is the amount of dissolved salt
- formed by weathering rocks

A

Salinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

higher salinity water is more _____

A

dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ____ saline the water is the ___ it is

A

-more
- denser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

measures the average kinetic energy of the water molecules

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the availability of sunlight _____ with water depth

A
  • decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is the amount of oxygen gas per mL of water

A

dissolved oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is a measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of water

A

pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pH of rainwater

A

5.6 due to mixing with CO2p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pH of Acid water

A

<4.5 due to mixing with sulfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pH of ocean water

A

8.1 due to carbonate (CO3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are nitrates and phosphate that run off from land

A

nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

measures water cloudiness and also increase

A

turbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biotic factors that distinguish aquatic ecosystems

A
  1. Plankton
  2. Nekton
  3. Bethos
  4. Decomposers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

small, free floating or weakly swimming

A

Plankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 types of plankton

A
  • Phytoplankton
  • Zooplankton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

plankton that are plant-like

A

phytoplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

plankton that are animal-like

A

Zooplankton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

large independent swimmers
- (eg. fishes)

A

Nekton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

“bottom dwellers”
- may do not move or move very seldom

A

Benthos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

break down dead organisms and waste, cycling nutrients back into the water

A

Decomposers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of Aquatic ecosystems

A
  1. Freshwater ecosystems
  2. Coastal ecosystems
  3. Ocean ecosystems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

are areas NATURALLY filled with water

A

Lakes and Ponds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Parts of lakes and ponds

A
  • Littoral zone
  • Linnetic zone (Photic)
  • Profundal Zone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nearest to the shore
- waters there are warm and shallow

A

Littoral zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

is an open water area too deep for emergent plants

A

Linnetic zone (Photic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

warm and sunlit, supports phytoplankton

A

Photic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

is cold and aphotic
- Where bottom dwellers are

A

Profundal zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

low productive
- less than 1% of sunlight

A

aphotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Types of lakes

A

a. Oligotrophic
b. Eutrophic`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lakes that have LOW nutrients, limiting algae and phytoplankton growth
- Low turbidity

A

Oligoteophic

33
Q

lakes that have high nutrients level, and excessive algae growth
- very high turbidity

A

Eutrophic

34
Q

Difference of steams and rivers

A
  • Streams are narrow channel
  • Rivers are wider
35
Q

Parts of rivers

A
  1. The headwaters or river source
  2. Transition zones
  3. Mouth
36
Q

Has higher dissolved oxygen
- low nutrients
- cold water temperature
- low turbidity (oligotrophic)
- no salinity

A

The headwaters or river source

37
Q
  • widens and deepens
  • becomes water
  • decrease dissolved oxygen
  • increase nutrient level
A

transition zones

38
Q

within transition zones, are flood-plains that regularly flood

A

Floodplains

39
Q

where the rivers enter the ocean
- low dissolved oxygen
- high nutrients
- warm water temperature
- High turbidity (eutrophic)
- moderate salinity

A

Mouth

40
Q

are areas containing soils that are usually waterlogged (completely saturated in water)

A

Wetlands

41
Q

Example of wetlands

A
  • Marshes
  • Swamps
  • Bogs
42
Q

are found in low-lying, treeless areas.

A

marshes

43
Q

are low-lying wetlands dominated by trees

A

swamps

44
Q

have floating mats of plant matter that living plants grow on

A

Bogs

45
Q

Adaptations of Wetland Organisms

A
  1. Floating
  2. Carnivorous
  3. Emergent
46
Q

fewer vascular tissues needed since water is abundant, making them lighter
(eg. water lily)

A

Floating

47
Q

Capture and digest insects to increase nitrogen and phosphorus absorption

A

carnivorous

48
Q

many empty spaces in tissues to allow oxygen to flow through the plant and into submerged roots

A

Emergent

49
Q

(6) Coastal ecosystems / Salt water wetlands

A
  • Tidal effects
  • Coastal lagoons
  • estuary
  • deltas
  • Salt marshes
  • Mangrove forests
50
Q

are saltwater wetlands areas that are continually covered and uncovered by the tides

A

Tidal effects

51
Q

are saltwater wetlands that are seperated from the ocean by sandbanks or coral reefs

A

Coastal Lagoons

52
Q

are partially enclosed bodies of water where river water mixes with seawater, forming brackish water

A

Estuary

53
Q

are landforms at river mouth formed by deposited sediment

A

Deltas

54
Q

as rivers reach the ____, their current ____

A

-ocean
-slows

55
Q

The sedimen is ____ at the ____ ocean shore

A

-sediment
-shallow

56
Q

are tidal flats dominated by herbs and grasses

A

Salt marshes

57
Q

have trees with roots that can filter salts

A

Mangrove forests

58
Q

includes

A

ocean ecosystems

59
Q

parts of oceans

A
  • intertidal zone
  • the coastal zone
  • open ocean zones
  • The photic zone
  • the abbysal plain
60
Q

alternates from submerged during high tide to dry during low tide.

A

Intertidal zones

61
Q

the result of the gravitational pull of the sun and moon.

A

Tides

62
Q

the sun and moon’s gravity align, creating the greatest tidal range.

A

During spring tides

63
Q

the sun and moon’s gravity are perpendicular, resulting in the smallest tidal range.

A

During Neap tides

64
Q

substrate is hard and stable, erosion is slow

A

Rocky shores

65
Q

substrate is shifting and unstable

A

Sandy shores

66
Q

Common types of sands

A
  • Black (Volcanic rock)
  • Brown (Quartz)
  • White (coral)
67
Q

is a shallow sea ecosystem immedietly above continental shelf

A

The coastal zone

68
Q

is the ecosystem built on exoskeleton

A

The coral reef

69
Q

Coral is a _______ relationship between ____ organisms

A
  • symbiotic relationship
  • two
70
Q

two organisms in symbiotic relationship in coral

A
  • Polyps- which build the calcium carbonate exoskleton
  • Algae- , which photosynthesize most of the coral’s food.
71
Q

is an important sink in the carbon cycle and helps to maintain ocean pH

A

Calcium carbonate

72
Q
  • includes all areas beyond the
    continental shelf.
  • Low nutrient availability limits plankton.
  • “Marine Desert”
A

Open Ocean zones

73
Q

includes all areas beyond the continental shelf
- low nutrient- availability limits plankton

A

The open ocean

74
Q

contains sunlight; enough perform to perform photosynthesis

A

The Photic zone

75
Q

Many apotic zones species are ______ can produce and emit light

A

bioluminescent

76
Q

receives no light; and all food webs are based around scavenging and decomposition

A

The Abyssal Plain

77
Q

which is receive by the abyssal plain

A

marine snow

78
Q

are fissures in the abyssal plain where heated water and minerals are released

A

Hydrothermal vents

79
Q

Organisms that can generate food from these chemicals (from hydrothermal vents) perform

A

chemosynthesis

z Bio104: Gen. Ecology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions