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z Bio104: Gen. Ecology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Investigates how organisms interact with each other and with abiotic factors

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Deals with the higher level of biological organization

A

Ecology

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3
Q

Level of Biological Organization (in order)

A

Subatomic particles –> atoms –> compounds –> organelle –> cells –> tissue –> organ –> organ system –> organism –> population –> Biological community/community –> ecosystem –> biosphere

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4
Q

Group of same species

A

population

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5
Q

group of different species

A

Biological Community/ Community

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6
Q

single organisms or population of species

A

Auteocology

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7
Q

group of several kinds of organisms

A

Synecology

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8
Q

works as a whole

A

System

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9
Q

the physical surroundings

A

Environment

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10
Q
  • includes biotic and abiotic, interactions between living and nonliving
  • organisms have role in this system
A

Ecosystem

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11
Q

the functional role played by an organism in an ecosystem

A

niche

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12
Q

Coined the term ‘Oekologie’ in 1869

A

Ernst Haeckel

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13
Q

Oekologie is from the 2 greek words, which is

A

‘oikos’ and ‘logos’

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14
Q

oikos

A

house

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15
Q

logos

A

the study of

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16
Q

Father of ecology

A

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859)

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17
Q

“Oecological”Plant Geography

A

Johannes Warming (1895)

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18
Q

Coined the term “Tropical Rain forest”

A

Andreas Franz Wilhem Schimper

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19
Q

Introduced plant succession

A

Henry Chandler Cowles

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20
Q

Types of Successions

A

Primary and secondary successions

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21
Q

a type of succession that starts from the scratch

A

Primary Succession

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22
Q

a type of succession that already has established communities but something happened, eg. fire/forest fire

A

Secondary Succession

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23
Q

Introduced organism concept

A

Fredric Clements

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24
Q

Plant community structure

A

Josias Brown-Blanguet

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25
Q

Tropic/Feeding levels

A

August Thiernermann

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26
Q

Father of Limnology

A

Francois Alphonse Forel (1868)

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27
Q

Study of inland waters, eg. lakes (both freshwater and saline), reservoirs, rivers, streams, wetlands, and groundwate

A

Limnology

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28
Q

Wrote the Book “Lake as Microcosm”

A

Stephen Alfred Forbes

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29
Q

First book “animal ecology”

A

Charles Elton (1927)

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30
Q

Ecological Animal Geography

A

Richard Hesse (1924)

31
Q

Published the first book- “ A guide to the study of Animal Ecology”

A

Charles Christopher Adams

32
Q

Introduced ‘Law of Tolerance’

A

Victor Ernest Shelford

33
Q

Father of Modern ecology

A

George Evelyn Hutchinson

34
Q

Introduced the ‘Ecosystem Concept’

A

Arthur George Tansley

35
Q

“Principal of Animal Ecology”

A

Warder Clyde Allec

36
Q

Fundamentals of Ecology

A

Howard Thomas Odum

37
Q

Experimental Ecology

A

Alfred Lotka and Vito Volterra

38
Q

Competition theory; predator prey.

A

Georgy Gause

39
Q

Intraspecific Competetion

A

Arnold Joseph Nicholson

40
Q

competetion within the same species

A

Intraspecific Competetion

41
Q

Niche concept

A

Henry A. Gleason

42
Q

Population Regulation

A

Herbert Andrewartha

43
Q

Instinctive and aggresive behavior

A

Lorenz and Tinbergen

44
Q

Population density versus resources

A

Thomas Malthus (1798)

45
Q

Evolutionary Origin

A
  • Charles Darwin
  • Ernst Haeckel
46
Q

Charles Darwin- natural selection as ___ ___

A

ecological process

47
Q

4 Divisions of Ecology

A
  • Based on System Studied
  • Based on Mechanism/Function
  • Based on the level of organization
  • Based on taxonomic group studied.
48
Q

Subdivisions of Ecology

A
  • Auteocology
  • Synecology
49
Q

(3) approaches of ecology

A
  • System Ecology
  • Evolutionary Ecology
  • Population ecology
50
Q

Symbiotic Relationships

A
  • mutualism
  • commensalism,
  • parasitism
51
Q

Both species benefits.

A

Mutualism

52
Q

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

A

Commensalism

53
Q

relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism.

A

Parasitism

54
Q

Types of Scale

A
  • Biological Scale
  • Spatial Scale
  • Temporal Scale
55
Q

only for organization

Individial Organism –> Populations –> Communities –> Ecosystem

A

Biological Scale

56
Q

the study of area can be as small as within an organism an entire biosphere

A

Spatial scale

57
Q

succession studies changes in community composition or ecosystem properties through time.

can be matter of hours, thousand of years or all in between

long term studies (>3) are difficult to do.

A

Temporal Scale

58
Q

Scale of Ecological Investigations

A

-Individual Space
- Local patch/ ecological neighborhood
- Regional scale
- Biogeographcal Scale.

59
Q

Kinds of evidence used by ecologist
(Testing methods)

A
  • Observation and monitoring
  • Manipulative field experiments
  • Laboratory experiments including complex and simple system
  • Mathematical Modelling
60
Q

is the act of viewing or noting on detail, fact, or occurence

A

Observation

61
Q
  • an educated guess
  • a testable explanation of prediction based on the observation and scientists prior knowledge
A

hypotheses

62
Q

to test the hypothesis under controlled conditions with defined variables

A

experiment

63
Q

kinds of variables

A
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent Variable
  • Controlled Variable
64
Q

new factor that is to be introduced or tested

A

Independent Variable

65
Q

measured result that it influenced by the independence variable

A

Dependent Variable

66
Q

kept contrast so they do not influence the dependent variable

A

Controlled Variable

67
Q

includes all of the measurements and observations made during the experiment.

A

Data

68
Q

states whether the hypothesis is supported by the experiment

A

conclusion

69
Q

involves publishing the results for other scientist to review and check for error, bias or uncontrolled variables.

A

Peer review

70
Q

is an estimate of how different as a resul is from the actual value

A

margin of error

71
Q

the experiment to turn out in a certain way

A

Bias

72
Q

reduce bias by ensuring the test subjects not to know whether they in the experiment or controll group

A

blind experiments

73
Q

prevent both scientist and subjects from knowing which is the experimental group

A

double-blind experiments

74
Q

observed when they are statiscal variables which have a relationship that not be expected by chance alone

A

Correlation

z Bio104: Gen. Ecology (6 decks)

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