Lecture 4

Question 1

1. What is locked in?

Example of locked in?

Answer 1

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Question 2

What are the three pillars of molecular biomimetics?

Answer 2

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Question 3

3. What is an example of genetic manipulation?
   a. What is the difference between already existing nucleosides and the new ones?
   b. What is the future potential use of the use of new nucleosides?
   What are the limitations currently? What are the problems?

Answer 3

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Question 4

4. What is a graph used to measure sound? What are the important quantities?
   How is speech complex? What are the features?

Answer 4

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Question 5

5. What is the range of human hearing?

What is the frequency range of speech?

Answer 5

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Question 6

6. How much ear-drum displacement is there?

What is the range?

Answer 6

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Question 7

7. What are the main sections of the ear?

What are the properties of each section?

Answer 7

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Question 8

8. What is the central auditory system? What is the function?
   What are the components?

Answer 8

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Question 9

9. What are the properties of the middle ear?
   a. What are the small bones? How many?
   b. Why are the features of the middle ear important?
   How have the features developed in different organisms? Why?

Answer 9

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Question 10

What are the main functions of the middle ear?

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is the function of the inner ear?

Answer 11

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Question 12

How does the inner ear carry out its function?

Answer 12

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Question 13

How did the inner ear develop to accommodate to be able to hear a broader range of frequencies?

Answer 13

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Question 14

14. What is the formula for fundamental frequency?

What are the components of it?

Answer 14

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Question 15

Where do the lower and higher frequencies peak on the basilar membrane?

Answer 15

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Question 16

What are auditory nerve fibres? How do they work?

How many auditory nerve fibres are there?

Answer 16

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Question 17

What is a tuning curve? What are the axis? What does it show?

Answer 17

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Question 18

As the sound gets louder what happens to being able to distinguish sounds? Use the auditory nerve fibres to explain this?

Answer 18

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Question 19

What is mechano-electrical transduction (MET)?

Answer 19

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Question 20

What is the organ of Corti? What are the features? What are the components?

Answer 20

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Question 21

What are the types of hair cells? What are the functions of each one?

Answer 21

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Question 22

What are hair bundles? What are they made out of?
a. How do they work? How does it lead to an AP which goes to the brain?
What are the features of them?

Answer 22

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Question 23

What is the whole process of MET? How is MET achieved?

Answer 23

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Question 24

What is the active process in the ear? What difference does it make in the response?

Answer 24

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Question 25

What is the consequence of the active process in the ear? How do we know this?

Answer 25

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Question 26

How do we know that the sounds are coming from the ear?

Answer 26

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Question 27

What are the proposed molecular processes which achieve the active process?

Answer 27

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Question 28

What is hair bundle motility?

Answer 28

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Question 29

What is electromotility? What does it do?

Answer 29

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Question 30

Where does amplification occur?

Answer 30

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Question 31

What is phase locking in the auditory nerve (afferent fibres)?

Answer 31

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Question 32

Why is phase locking important?

Answer 32

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Question 33

What is the use of phase locking? What is temporal information important for?

Answer 33

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