Lecture 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Earliest evidence for Olympian gods

A
  • Mycenaean Period
  • travel on sea a lot, but much more militaristic
  • linear B writing
  • ruled by kings, priests and priestess
  • trojan war believed to have happened here
  • Pylos
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2
Q

Pylos

A
  • not fortified, but on top of hill that provides protection
  • linear B writing found on burned tablets in archives rom
  • tablets tell us that gods existed, but not much else about them
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3
Q

The Greek Pantheon

A

-all of the gods of a polytheistic religion

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4
Q

Zeus/Jupiter

A
  • god of gods, the sky, thunder, lightening, etc
  • Attributes: lightening bolt, eagle, staff
  • primary sanctuary at Olympia
  • had many lovers (Ganymede, europa, leda)
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5
Q

Hera/Juno

A
  • god of marriage, family, childbirth

- attributes: peacock, cow, staff, veil

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6
Q

Poseidon/Neptune

A
  • god of the sea, earthquakes, etc

- attributes: trident, horses, sea creatures

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7
Q

Myth of the foundation of Athens

A
  • Both Athena and Poseidon wanted to be patron god of that city
  • Both raced up and offered gifts
  • Athena offered an olive tree.
  • Posiedon offered a salt water spring
  • Poseidon constantly comes up short demonstrated by this myth
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8
Q

Demeter/Ceres

A
  • goddess of grain, the harvest
  • attributes: grain, torch, crown
  • worshiped at Eleusis
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9
Q

Hades/Pluto/Dis

A
  • god of the underworld
  • attributes: invisibility cap, cerberus, cornucopia (no abundance without death according to the Greeks. Unless all the old plants die, nothing new can be planted to grow. Everything is cyclical)
  • chthonic god: linked with the ground (associated with snakes)
  • Worshiped at Eleusis
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10
Q

Hestia/Vesta

A
  • goddess of the hearth
  • attributes: flowering branch
  • no myths about her because she’s always seen with the hearth
  • similar to earlier power gods like chaos because she’s more like a force
  • was worshiped everywhere, so doesn’t have primary sanctuary, instead each city has a hearth that burns at all times
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11
Q

Vestal Virgins

A
  • in Rome were the ones who took care of the flame of the hearth and kept it alive
  • had more privileges than normal women, but had to be virgins until 30
  • if caught not being a virgin, they were burned alive
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12
Q

Homeric Hymns

A
  • collection of poems by (various?) unknown author(s)
  • similar style to Homer’s poems, attributed to him already in ancient world
  • written down ca. 700 BCE, likely older (around same time as Theogony)
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