Lecture 18 (Final) Flashcards
1
Q
Hellenistic Period
A
- death of Alexander to Roman conquest
- kingdoms across Mediterranean ruled by Alexander’s generals and their descendants
- much fighting and changing of boundaries
- east more important than Greece itself
2
Q
Periods of Greek History
A
- Minoan
- Mycenaean
- Iron
- Archaic
- Classical
- Hellenistic
- Roman
3
Q
Roman Period
A
-the period in which the area of Hellenistic kingdoms was ruled by Rome
4
Q
Periods of Roman History
A
- monarchy
- republic
- empire
5
Q
Monarchy
A
-ruled by kings
6
Q
Republic
A
-ruled by senate of wealthiest and oldest men
7
Q
Empire
A
-ruled by emperor
8
Q
Augustus
A
- Rome’s first emperor
- nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar
- Allied with marc Anthony to defeat the assassins of Caesar
- Fought (and won!) a civil war against Antony and his lover, Cleopatra
- Ended a long period of civil war
- Established peace and stability by gradually removing the power of the senate, concentrating it into his own hands
- All readings for this class written under Augustus
9
Q
Roman Religion
A
- Formal, ritualized, contractual
- Offer a sacrifice to ask for something and if it’s not met whoever offered the sacrifice can be punished
- Primary way of worshipping the gods: Sacrifice
- Do ut des: “I give so that you might give”
- State gods (like Olympians) vs. Private gods (lares-gods of your ancestors, penates-gods that protect your foodstuffs)
- Syncretism with Greek gods/myths
- Priests elected from the elite class
- In Imperial period: Emperor serves as Pontifex Maximus (Chief Priest)
- Most important element: correct practice, NOT faith!
- just have to keep the gods happy whether you believed in them or not.
10
Q
Main Roman Gods
A
- Jupiter
- Juno
- Minerva
- Mars
- Venus
- Apollo
- Mercury
- Vesta
- Saturn
11
Q
Saturn
A
~Kronos
-god of wealth, agriculture, war
12
Q
Primary Household Gods
A
- Lares: gods of the family
- Panates: gods of the pantry
- Vesta
13
Q
Lararium
A
- household shrine to lares
- present in most homes
14
Q
Key Aspects of Roman Myth
A
- it combines native Italian, Greek, and other mythological traditions
- it is securely focused on ROME!
- it is historical and interested in Rome’s history and development (i.e. myth-history)
- Unlike Greek myth, it is securely fixed in time and space
- It is often directed towards political ends
15
Q
Publis Vergilius Maro (Virgil)
A
- Born in northern Italy, educated in Rome
- Lived through the civil wars prior to Augustus’ reign
- Most popular poet of his day
- Aeneid his last work, often considered his greatest, commissioned by Augustus
- We know it will be biased because of this
16
Q
Metamorphoses Intro
A
- wants it to seem oral so it can be Rome’s version of the Iliad and the Odyssey
- tells us this story is about war and about a person involved in war (Aeneas)
- going to be a long and difficult journey with a god set against him and after the journey he’s going to suffer in war.
- Juno is his antagonist
17
Q
Why is Juno upset?
A
- she’s still mad about the Trojan War and the judgment of Paris
- mad about Ganymede prince of Troy
- mad about Carthage
18
Q
Intro on Aeneas?
A
- He’s “a man remarkable for goodness”
- pious
- selfless
- very different type of Hero than we’ve seen before
19
Q
Cartage
A
- North African city
- Major empire during the Roman Republic period
- Fought a series of three brutal wars with Rome: the Punic Wars
- Rome won, emerged as a dominant power in the Mediterranean
- Juno wanted to defend her favorite city because she knew it was going to be destroyed
20
Q
Beginning of Action
A
- Juno sends a hurricane and blows them off course to Carthage
- en medias res
21
Q
Aeneas’ defender?
A
- Venus who goes to Jupiter to deal with it because Aeneas is her son
- Jupiter tells her Aeneas’ fate and the fate of all the Romans.
- talks about Romulus and Remus
- talks about foundation of the city
- Aeneas will prevail
- says the Roman empire will cover everything though all time and won’t end
- Julius Caesar and Augustus (Julius’ adopted son) will be at the head of it.
22
Q
Dido
A
-mythological founder and queen of Carthage
