Lecture 4

Question 1

What does the cognitive perspective focus on?

Answer 1

Thoughts, beliefs, and schemas that underlie behaviour.

Question 2

Who proposed the concept of negative automatic thoughts?

Answer 2

Beck.

Question 3

What are irrational beliefs according to Ellis?

Answer 3

Irrational beliefs are thoughts that can lead to negative emotional consequences.

Question 4

What are the two types of casual attributions?

Answer 4

• Characteristics of a person
• The situation.

Question 5

What do control beliefs refer to?

Answer 5

A person’s beliefs about what causes the good or bad results in his or her life.

Question 6

What does Beck’s model include?

Answer 6

Beck’s hopelessness scale (all cognitive).

Question 7

In Ellis’s model, what are the three components?

Answer 7

• Antecedent
• Belief
• Consequence.

Question 8

What is a common global dysfunctional assumption related to social acceptance?

Answer 8

I should be loved by everyone for everything I do.

Question 9

What is a common global dysfunctional assumption related to control?

Answer 9

I have no control over my emotions.

Question 10

What is the role of a learner in the cognitive perspective?

Answer 10

Learner as active interpreter of a situation.

Question 11

What influences a person’s perception of new experiences?

Answer 11

Learner’s past knowledge imposes a perceptual funnel.

Question 12

Name one type of cognitive therapy.

Answer 12

• Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression
• Ellis’s rational-emotive therapy.

Question 13

What is the core belief of humanistic paradigms?

Answer 13

People have innate capacity for goodness.

Question 14

What causes emotional distress according to the actual vs. ideal self concept?

Answer 14

Differences between actual self and ideal self.

Question 15

Who emphasized unconditional regard in therapy?

Answer 15

Carl Rogers.

Question 16

What does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs focus on?

Answer 16

Self-actualization of one’s full potential.

Question 17

What does positive psychology emphasize?

Answer 17

Attributes and personal characteristics that emphasize ‘wellness’.

Question 18

What is a criticism of the humanistic paradigm?

Answer 18

Therapist inferences of clients may not be valid.

Question 19

According to the interpersonal paradigm, what influences our needs?

Answer 19

Interactions between a client and social environment.

Question 20

What does attachment theory suggest about infants?

Answer 20

Infants need a primary caregiver to explore the world.

Question 21

What type of attachment is characterized by being soothed when a parent returns?

Answer 21

Secure attachment.

Question 22

What describes an insecure anxious attachment?

Answer 22

Child is not soothed when parent returns.

Question 23

What are the types of adult attachment?

Answer 23

• Secure
• Preoccupied (insecure anxious)
• Dismissive (avoidant)
• Fearful (disorganized).

Question 24

What does the family systems paradigm focus on?

Answer 24

Family as a unit rather than individuals.

Question 25

What is the basis of social learning theory?

Answer 25

Learning through observing others and imitation or modeling.

Question 26

What study is associated with Bandura’s social learning theory?

Answer 26

Bobo doll study.