Lecture 4 Flashcards
What does the cognitive perspective focus on?
Thoughts, beliefs, and schemas that underlie behaviour.
Who proposed the concept of negative automatic thoughts?
Beck.
What are irrational beliefs according to Ellis?
Irrational beliefs are thoughts that can lead to negative emotional consequences.
What are the two types of casual attributions?
- Characteristics of a person
- The situation.
What do control beliefs refer to?
A person’s beliefs about what causes the good or bad results in his or her life.
What does Beck’s model include?
Beck’s hopelessness scale (all cognitive).
In Ellis’s model, what are the three components?
- Antecedent
- Belief
- Consequence.
What is a common global dysfunctional assumption related to social acceptance?
I should be loved by everyone for everything I do.
What is a common global dysfunctional assumption related to control?
I have no control over my emotions.
What is the role of a learner in the cognitive perspective?
Learner as active interpreter of a situation.
What influences a person’s perception of new experiences?
Learner’s past knowledge imposes a perceptual funnel.
Name one type of cognitive therapy.
- Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression
- Ellis’s rational-emotive therapy.
What is the core belief of humanistic paradigms?
People have innate capacity for goodness.
What causes emotional distress according to the actual vs. ideal self concept?
Differences between actual self and ideal self.
Who emphasized unconditional regard in therapy?
Carl Rogers.
What does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs focus on?
Self-actualization of one’s full potential.
What does positive psychology emphasize?
Attributes and personal characteristics that emphasize ‘wellness’.
What is a criticism of the humanistic paradigm?
Therapist inferences of clients may not be valid.
According to the interpersonal paradigm, what influences our needs?
Interactions between a client and social environment.
What does attachment theory suggest about infants?
Infants need a primary caregiver to explore the world.
What type of attachment is characterized by being soothed when a parent returns?
Secure attachment.
What describes an insecure anxious attachment?
Child is not soothed when parent returns.
What are the types of adult attachment?
- Secure
- Preoccupied (insecure anxious)
- Dismissive (avoidant)
- Fearful (disorganized).
What does the family systems paradigm focus on?
Family as a unit rather than individuals.
What is the basis of social learning theory?
Learning through observing others and imitation or modeling.
What study is associated with Bandura’s social learning theory?
Bobo doll study.
