Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the treatment trends in PTBO?
• Wait times in community
• Treatment in schools
• PRHC emergency room
What does community psychology focus on?
• Seeking out problems or potential problems
• Focus on prevention
What is the primary reason for the social stigma surrounding depression, according to CAMH?
Only one third of the estimated three million people in Canada who suffer from depression seek help
Define self stigma.
Tendency to internalize mental health stigma and see oneself in more negative terms as a result of experiencing a psychological problem
What are common misconceptions about mental illness?
• People with mental illness/psychological disorders are unstable and dangerous
• The opposite is true
Is there a significant relationship between mental illness and violence?
Yes, a small but significant relation exists, particularly with schizophrenia
Which groups tend to have more positive attitudes towards mental health?
• Younger people
• More educated people
• People with training
• Those with personal experience
What led to the development of Freud’s theory?
Work with hysteria and hypnosis
What are the primary drives according to Freud?
• Eros (sex)
• Thanatos (aggression)
List the parts of the mind according to Freud.
• Conscious awareness
• Unconscious (repressed)
• Preconscious (material not in current awareness, but not repressed)
What does the ID represent in Freud’s structure of the mind?
Desire and pleasure principle
What is the primary function of the EGO?
To deal with reality and balance the demands of reality with the desires of the ID
What does the SUPEREGO represent?
Rules and morals; the conscience
What is objective anxiety?
When one’s life is in jeopardy, feeling realistic anxiety to danger in the external world
Define neurotic anxiety.
Fear not connected to reality or any real threat
What is moral anxiety?
Arises when the impulses of the superego punish an individual for not meeting expectations
What are defense mechanisms?
Strategies to reduce anxiety, located in the ego
What is displacement in terms of defense mechanisms?
Redirecting emotional response to a substitute
What does reaction formation involve?
Converting one feeling into its opposite
What is regression in psychological terms?
Retreating to behaviors of an earlier age
Define rationalization.
Inventing reasons for actions or attitudes
What is sublimation?
Converting sexual or aggressive impulses to socially valued behaviors
What does repression mean?
Pushing unacceptable impulses and thoughts into the unconscious
What is denial as a defense mechanism?
Disavowing a traumatic experience and pushing it to the unconscious
What is projection?
Attributing one’s own desires to an external agent; does not accept own desires
List Freud’s psychosexual stages.
• Oral: birth-18 months
• Anal: 18 months - 3 years
• Phallic: 3-5 years (Oedipus complex)
• Latency: 6 through adolescence
• Genital: adolescence through adulthood
What are the criticisms of the psychoanalytic paradigm?
• Based on anecdotes during therapy sessions, lacking objectivity
• Freud’s observations could be unreliable
What are the contributions of the psychoanalytic paradigm?
• Childhood experiences shape personality
• Unconscious influences on behavior
• Defense mechanisms to control anxiety
What are the two main perspectives of the cognitive-behavioral paradigm?
• The behavioral (learning) perspective
• The cognitive perspective
Define the behavioral perspective.
Abnormal behavior results from responses learned in the same ways other behavior is learned
What is classical conditioning?
Automatic pairing between reflex-triggering and neutral stimuli (Pavlov)
What is operant conditioning?
Behavior changes based on outcomes, developed by B.F. Skinner
In operant conditioning, what does reinforcement do?
Increases behavior
In operant conditioning, what does punishment do?
Decreases behavior
