Lecture 4 Flashcards
Fermentation
Alternative to cellular respiration; metabolic pathway that changes
pyruvate
Energy required is supplied by the conversion of NADH to NAD+.
By generating NAD+, it allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.
Where does fermentation occurs in eukaryote and prokaryote?
Occurs in the cytosol for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Fermentation in plants produces
ethanol
Fermentation in humans produces
Lactic acid
Wavelenght
the distance between the top of one wave to the top of the other wave
Frequency
The number of waves that passed at a certain point during a certain point.
Electromagnetic waves:
waves in the electromagnetic field. Also called electromagnetic radiation. Occurs in packets called photons.
What is the wavelength or frequency correlated with?
The wavelength or frequency is correlated with the energy of the photon.
High wavelength =
low frequency = low energy photon.
Low wavelength =
Low wavelength = high frequency = high energy photon. (ex: gamma rays = dangerous for us).
Pigment
a molecule that absorbs visible light. Each pigment absorbs only light of certain wavelengths.
When a pigment absorbs light, it absorbs the energy from the photons.
(ex: black is very warm because absorbs wavelengths = all photons = high energy)
Photosynthesis:
the use of light energy to synthesize carbohydrates out of CO2 and H2O.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Two stages:
Light reactions (light-dependant reaction): require pigments (play important role) = chlorophyll a (most important pigment) and a bunch of accessory pigments. (chlorophyll a does not absorb green = that’s why it looks green).
Calvin cycle (dark/light-indep reactions):
Where do light reactions occur?
Light reactions occur in the membrane of thylakoids (found in chloroplast in eukaryotes).
What is the photosystem 1
a cluster of pigments, around a reaction center that includes a chlorophyll a inside.
