Lecture 2 Flashcards
Cilium
coordinated beating to provide movement (hair like)
Chromatin
(substance)=
where there is most of
the genetic info of the
cell. Made of several
diffused chromosomes, each chromosomes is one double-stranded DNA molecule with associated proteins.
Animal cell image
Animal cell
What is the matrix similar to?
It is similar to the cytosol
What are the ribosomes similar to?
Prokaryotic ribosomes
What is the cytoplasm?
Anything between nuclear envelope and plasma membrane (cytosol + all things floating in it).
Cytoskeleton
helps with cell shape, cell movement, intracellular transport.
Centrosome
organizes cytoskeleton. Also called “microtubule organizing centre” (don’t need to know).
Extra cellular matrix
Strengthens tissues, helps cell to react to environment (with glycoproteins ex: collagen)
Cholesterol
Helps maintain membrane fluidity (restricted to animal cells)
Receptor protein
Allows the cell to respond to a specific chemical (ex: our sense of taste).
Identification marker
Allows cells to be recognized (ex: blood types, like type A marker, type O marker,… )
What do most proteins have? what do proteins help to do?
Most proteins have a lot of space between each other. Not them.
Help to hold cells together.
Cytosis
Transport via folding of a membrane.
Endocytosis
Entering the cell via cytosis.
What does the plasma membrane do?
Plasma membrane opens and engulfs material in vesicles, they enter the cell.
What is exocytosis?
Exocytosis: exiting the cell via cytosis.
Eukaryotic cell Plant has…
Plasma membrane
cytosol
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
rough e.r
smooth e.r
golgi apparatus
vesicles
mitochondrion
cytoskeleton
Central vacuole
storage, turgor (stiffness cause by water pressure)
What do bacteria cells lack?
No true nucleus
No e.r.
No Golgi apparatus
No mitochondria
No chloroplasts
No vesicles or vacuoles
No centrosome
What do animal cells lack?
No cell wall
No plasmodesmata
No chloroplasts
No central vacuole
What do plant cells lack?
No centrosome
No lysosomes (specializes vacuoles that animal cells have)
Cell wall: made of cellulose (polysaccharide)
What are fungal cells?
Another type of eukaryotic cell
Fungals cells have..
Cell wall: made of chitin
Pores between cells (big pores)
No plasmodesmata
No centrosome (but have a cytoskeleton)
No chloroplasts
