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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dermatome of the hip crease near the inguinal ligament

A

L1

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2
Q

What’s the dermatome of the upper Medial thigh?

A

L2

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3
Q

What’s the dermatome of the medial knee?

A

L3

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4
Q

What’s the dermatome of the medial malleolus

A

L4

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5
Q

What’s the dermatome of the top of the foot near the 2, 3, 4 metatarsals

A

L5

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6
Q

What’s the dermatome of the lateral malleolus

A

S1

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7
Q

What’s the dermatome of the back of the knee

A

S2

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8
Q

Review the Cutaneous Nerves!

Mark this yellow so you see it often!

A

Good work, soldier.

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9
Q

What branch of the Sciatic Nerve pierces the piriformis in 12% of the population?

A

Common Fibular Branch

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10
Q

What are the Femoral Nerve Entrapment sites?

A

Beneath Iliopsoas tendon

Inguinal Ligaments

Femoral Triangle

Adductor Canal

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11
Q

What is the cause and presentation of Superior Gluteal Nerve Entrapment?

A

Piriformis compresses it

Waddling Gait, Tender to palpation, Achy-type claudication buttock pain

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12
Q

How do you stretch the piriformis with the hip in a flexed position?

A

Hip adduction

(opposite of the muscle action)

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13
Q

How do you stretch the piriformis with the hip in an extended position

A

Medial Rotation

(opposite of the muscle action)

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14
Q

What is structure 1 and 2?

A
  1. Iliohypogastric region
  2. Ilioinguinal nerve
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15
Q

What is the parent structure of the Saphenous Nerve?

A

Femoral Nerve

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16
Q

What is the parent structure of the dorsal digital nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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17
Q

What is the parent structure of the Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the foot

A

Sural Nerve

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18
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Fibularis brevis

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19
Q

What are common causes of obturator nerve entrapment

A

Anterior hip dislocation

Prostate surgery

Presentation: Decreased sensation on medial thigh, difficulty adducting thigh

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20
Q

Common fibular nerve injury often causes

A

Foot Drop

Note: It’s the most commonly injured nerve in the lower limb.

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21
Q

Which branch of the fibular nerve is NOT involved in foot drop

A

Superficial branch of fibular nerve

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22
Q

A patient presents with altered gait and lack of sensation in this region, what is effected?

A

Common fibular nerve or deep fibular nerve

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of deep fibular nerve entrapment?

A

Pain radiates between webspace of 1st and 2nd toes.

Note: Commonly caused by tight fitting shoes “ski boot syndrome” or in soccer players.

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24
Q

A patient has pain here, history of chronic ankle sprains. Now they’re also experiencing numbness, what nerve is entrapped?

A

Superficial fibular nerve/ Superficial Peroneal nerve

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25
Q

What are the nerve roots of the Pundendal nerve

A

S2 S4 keep poopoopeepee in your butt

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26
Q

Where are potential sites of Pudendal nerve entrapment

A

Between the Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligament

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27
Q

Sural nerve is always (medial/lateral)

Saphinous nerve is always (medial/lateral)

A

Sural- Lateral

Saphinous- Medial

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28
Q

A patient has achy neuropathic pain over the red region, pain is provoked by ankle DF and inversion

what nerve is entrapped

A

Sural Nerve Entrapment

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29
Q

Baxters Neuropathy/Joggersfoot causes pain on what part of the foot

A

Medial sole and Navicular Tuberosity

It’s also called Medial Plantar Nerve Entrapment

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30
Q

What 4 joints participate in pronation and supination

A

Talocrual

Subtalar

Transtarsal

Tarsometatarsal

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31
Q

Pronation naturally happens when?

A

Normal rotating the front of the foot laterally

Happens when walking when placing your initial weight on the foot

Medial Arch Lowers!

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32
Q

Supination naturally happens when?

A

Normal rotating the front of the foot medially

Normally happens when the trail leg behind your body gets ready to swing foward

MEDIAL ARCH RISES!

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33
Q

A high ankle sprain is usually caused by

A

External Rotation and dorsiflexion

Note: “Syndesmotic injury of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, interosseus membrane and the anterior tibiofibular ligament)

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34
Q

What is this toe deformity and what is it caused by?

A

Hammer Toe

Wearing short narrow shoes

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35
Q

What is this toe deformity and what causes it?

A

Claw Toe

Caused by problem with lateral plantar nerve

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36
Q

What is this toe deformity and what causes it?

A

Mallet Toe

Arthritis, Trauma, neuromuscular or metabolic disease

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37
Q

What are the attachments of the quadratus plantae

A

Medial and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneous

Posterolateral margins of the tendon of FDL

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38
Q

What is the innervation of the Quadratus Plantae

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve S1 S2 S3

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39
Q

What is the action of the Quadratus Plantae

A

Assists FDL in flexing the lateral 4 digits at the MTP and IP joints

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40
Q

What are the attachments of Lumbricals

A

Tendons of FDL

Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits

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41
Q

What is the innervation of the Lumbricals

A

Medial one: Medial plantar nerve L5 S1

Lateral 3: Lateral plantar nerve S1 S2 S3

42
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Flex proximal IP joints, Extend middle and distal IP joints of lateral 4 digits

43
Q

What are the attachments of the Flexor Hallicus Brevis?

A

Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

Both sides of the base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

44
Q

What is the muscle action of the Flexor Hallicus Brevis

A

Flexes MTP of 1st digit

45
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Hallicus Brevis

A

Medial Plantar Nerve

46
Q

What are the attachments of the Adductor Hallicus

A

Oblique Head: Base of metatarsal 2-4
Tranverse head: plantar ligament of MTP joints

Tendons of both heads attach to lateral surface of the base of the 1st proximal phalanx

47
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor hallicus?

A

Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

S1 S2 S3

48
Q

What is the muscle action of the adductor hallicus brevis?

A

Adducts 1st digit, assists in maintaining transverse arch

49
Q

What are the attachments of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

Base of 5th proximal Phalanx

50
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve S1 S2 S3

51
Q

What is the muscle action of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Flexes MTP joint of 5th digit

52
Q

What are the attachments of the Dorsal Interossei

A

Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

1st: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

2-4 Lateral side of 2nd-4th digit proximal phalanx

53
Q

What is the innervation of the Dorsal Interossei and Plantar Interossei

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve S1 S2 S3

54
Q

What is the muscle action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abducts digits 2-4 at MTP joints

55
Q

What are the attachments of the Plantar Interossei

A

O: plantar medial shafts of metatarsals 3-5

I: Medial phalanges of digits 3-5

56
Q

What is the muscle action of the Plantar Interossei

A

Adducts digits 3-5 at MTP joints

57
Q

What spinal level is the ASIS?

A

L3 L4

58
Q

What spinal level is PSIS?

A

S2

59
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus)

Interosseous talocalcaneal
ligament

Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

SAME AS THE EXTENSOR HALLICUS BREVIS

60
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor Digitorum brevis

A

Extensor Digitorum longus tendons of digits 2-4

Remember it just aids the extensor digitorum longus

61
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and the Extensor Hallicus Brevis

(Both of the small dorsal foot muscles)

A

Deep fibular nerve L5 or S1 or BOTH

62
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Extensor Hallicus Brevis

A

Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus)

Interosseous talocalcaneal
ligament

Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

SAME AS THE EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

63
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallicus brevis

A

Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

DOES NOT GO TO DISTAL PHALANX

64
Q

What is the muscle action of the extensor hallicus brevis

A

Aids the extensor hallucis longus
with great toe EXTENSION
@ MTP & IP joints

65
Q

What is the Proximal attachment of the Abductor Hallicus

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity

Plantar aponeurosis

Flexor retinaculum

65
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Abductor Hallicus

A

Medial side of base of
proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Remember it attaches to the medial side because it pulls the big toe out!

65
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor Hallicus and the Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Medial plantar nerve L5 S1

Both the flexor digitorum brevis and abductor hallicus are medial whereas the Abductor digiti minimi is lateral so it gets the Lateral plantar Nerve S1 S2 S3

66
Q

What is the muscle action of abductor hallicus

A

First digit abduction and flexion

67
Q

What is the muscle action of the flexor digitorum brevis

A

Digit 2-5 flexion

The extensor digitorum brevis only extends 2-4 whereas the flexor digitorum brevis flexes 2-5

68
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum brevis

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity

Plantar aponeurosis

Intermuscular septa

ALMOST THE SAME AS THE Abductor hallicus except the last one is different

69
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

What the heck it attaches to middle phalanges

70
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi

A

Medial and lateral tubercles
of calcaneal tuberosity

Plantar aponeurosis

Intermuscular septa

ALMOST the exact same as the flexor digitorum brevis except it also attaches to the lateral tubercles aswell because the pinky toe is lateral

71
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi

A

Lateral side of base of
proximal phalanx of 5th digit

You don’t need to attach any further than the proximal phalanx to abduct!

72
Q

What is the nerve of the Abductor digiti minimi

A

Lateral plantar nerve
S1, S2, S3

This makes sense because the pinky toe is the most lateral. Meanwhile the flexor digitorum brevis and the abductor hallicus get the MEDIAL plantar nerve L5 S1 because they’re more medial.

73
Q

What is the muscle action of the abductor digiti minimi

A

5th digit ABduction
5th digit FLEXION

Just like the Abductor Hallicus

74
Q

What’s the parent structure of the medial plantar nerve?

A

Tibial Nerve

Sciatic -> Tibial -> Medial Plantar

75
Q

What’s the parent structure of the tibial nerve?

A

Sciatic nerve

Sciatic -> Tibial -> Medial Plantar

76
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Base of 5th metatarsal to the base of the 5th proximal phalange

77
Q

The abductor digiti minimi and the abductor hallicus both assist with

A

Flexion because theyre on the bottom of the foot

78
Q

What muscle has the two sessamoid bones of the great toe embedded in it

A

Flexor Hallicus Brevis

79
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of flexor hallicus brevis

A

Cuboid and lateral cuneiform

to

Both sides of the proximal phalange of first digit

80
Q

The plantar interossei and dorsal interossei both act on what joints?

A

Metatarsophalangeal

81
Q

What is the quadratus plantae distal attachment which is also the lumbricals proximal attachment?

A

Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons

82
Q

What is this process and what muscle connects here?

A

Lateral calcaneal tubercle

Abductor Digit Minimi

83
Q

What is this structure and what muscles attach here?

A

Medial calcaneal tubercle

Abductor Hallucis

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Abductor Digiti Minimi

84
Q

What runs through this groove?

A

Fibularis Longus

“Groove for fibularis longus”

85
Q

What runs through this groove on the medial calcaneus

A

Flexor Hallicus Longus

86
Q

What is os trigonum

A

accessory (extra) bone that sits in the back of the ankle near the heel bone. This occurs in 2.5–14% of normal feet. It is usually round, oval, or triangular, and varies in size.

87
Q

Identify this hole in the tibia

A

Nutrient foramen

88
Q

Identify this structure

A

Femoral Fovea

89
Q

Talar beak is normally seen in

A

especially seen in athletes and dancers

also common with talo-calcaneal fusion (Birth defect)

90
Q

True or false: The tibialis anterior attaches to the plantar side of the 1st metatarsal

A

True, that’s how it supports the medial arch

91
Q

Which toe is the reference of the midline in the foot?

A

2nd toe

92
Q

Sural Nerve entrapment sites

A

Lower lateral leg at an area
where a fibrous arcade

Baker cyst

Gastroc strains

Fx of 5th metatarsal

93
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is associated with over____

A

overpronation

94
Q

Repetitive eversion of the foot may cause

A

Baxters Neuropathy/medial plantar nerve entrapment

95
Q

What is the parent structure of the posterior tibial artery

A

Popliteal artery

96
Q

What is the parent structure of

Medial plantar artery

Lateral plantar artery

Deep Plantar Arch

A

Posterior Tibial Artery

97
Q

What is the parent structure of the dorsalis pedis artery and lateral tarsal artery

A

Anterior tibial artery

98
Q

What’s the parent structure of the lateral and medial plantar nerves

A

Tibial Nerve

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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