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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dermatome of the hip crease near the inguinal ligament

A

L1

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2
Q

What’s the dermatome of the upper Medial thigh?

A

L2

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3
Q

What’s the dermatome of the medial knee?

A

L3

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4
Q

What’s the dermatome of the medial malleolus

A

L4

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5
Q

What’s the dermatome of the top of the foot near the 2, 3, 4 metatarsals

A

L5

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6
Q

What’s the dermatome of the lateral malleolus

A

S1

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7
Q

What’s the dermatome of the back of the knee

A

S2

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8
Q

Review the Cutaneous Nerves!

Mark this yellow so you see it often!

A

Good work, soldier.

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9
Q

What branch of the Sciatic Nerve pierces the piriformis in 12% of the population?

A

Common Fibular Branch

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10
Q

What are the Femoral Nerve Entrapment sites?

A

Beneath Iliopsoas tendon

Inguinal Ligaments

Femoral Triangle

Adductor Canal

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11
Q

What is the cause and presentation of Superior Gluteal Nerve Entrapment?

A

Piriformis compresses it

Waddling Gait, Tender to palpation, Achy-type claudication buttock pain

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12
Q

How do you stretch the piriformis with the hip in a flexed position?

A

Hip adduction

(opposite of the muscle action)

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13
Q

How do you stretch the piriformis with the hip in an extended position

A

Medial Rotation

(opposite of the muscle action)

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14
Q

What is structure 1 and 2?

A
  1. Iliohypogastric region
  2. Ilioinguinal nerve
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15
Q

What is the parent structure of the Saphenous Nerve?

A

Femoral Nerve

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16
Q

What is the parent structure of the dorsal digital nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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17
Q

What is the parent structure of the Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the foot

A

Sural Nerve

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18
Q

What is structure 4?

A

Fibularis brevis

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19
Q

What are common causes of obturator nerve entrapment

A

Anterior hip dislocation

Prostate surgery

Presentation: Decreased sensation on medial thigh, difficulty adducting thigh

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20
Q

Common fibular nerve injury often causes

A

Foot Drop

Note: It’s the most commonly injured nerve in the lower limb.

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21
Q

Which branch of the fibular nerve is NOT involved in foot drop

A

Superficial branch of fibular nerve

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22
Q

A patient presents with altered gait and lack of sensation in this region, what is effected?

A

Common fibular nerve or deep fibular nerve

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of deep fibular nerve entrapment?

A

Pain radiates between webspace of 1st and 2nd toes.

Note: Commonly caused by tight fitting shoes “ski boot syndrome” or in soccer players.

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24
Q

A patient has pain here, history of chronic ankle sprains. Now they’re also experiencing numbness, what nerve is entrapped?

A

Superficial fibular nerve/ Superficial Peroneal nerve

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25
What are the nerve roots of the Pundendal nerve
S2 S4 keep poopoopeepee in your butt
26
Where are potential sites of Pudendal nerve entrapment
Between the Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligament
27
Sural nerve is always (medial/lateral) Saphinous nerve is always (medial/lateral)
Sural- Lateral Saphinous- Medial
28
A patient has achy neuropathic pain over the red region, pain is provoked by ankle DF and inversion what nerve is entrapped
Sural Nerve Entrapment
29
Baxters Neuropathy/Joggersfoot causes pain on what part of the foot
Medial sole and Navicular Tuberosity It's also called Medial Plantar Nerve Entrapment
30
What 4 joints participate in pronation and supination
Talocrual Subtalar Transtarsal Tarsometatarsal
31
Pronation naturally happens when?
Normal rotating the front of the foot laterally Happens when walking when placing your initial weight on the foot Medial Arch Lowers!
32
Supination naturally happens when?
Normal rotating the front of the foot medially Normally happens when the trail leg behind your body gets ready to swing foward MEDIAL ARCH RISES!
33
A high ankle sprain is usually caused by
External Rotation and dorsiflexion Note: "Syndesmotic injury of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, interosseus membrane and the anterior tibiofibular ligament)
34
What is this toe deformity and what is it caused by?
Hammer Toe Wearing short narrow shoes
35
What is this toe deformity and what causes it?
Claw Toe Caused by problem with lateral plantar nerve
36
What is this toe deformity and what causes it?
Mallet Toe Arthritis, Trauma, neuromuscular or metabolic disease
37
What are the attachments of the quadratus plantae
Medial and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneous Posterolateral margins of the tendon of FDL
38
What is the innervation of the Quadratus Plantae
Lateral Plantar Nerve S1 S2 S3
39
What is the action of the Quadratus Plantae
Assists FDL in flexing the lateral 4 digits at the MTP and IP joints
40
What are the attachments of Lumbricals
Tendons of FDL Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
41
What is the innervation of the Lumbricals
Medial one: Medial plantar nerve L5 S1 Lateral 3: Lateral plantar nerve S1 S2 S3
42
What is the action of the lumbricals?
Flex proximal IP joints, Extend middle and distal IP joints of lateral 4 digits
43
What are the attachments of the Flexor Hallicus Brevis?
Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms Both sides of the base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
44
What is the muscle action of the Flexor Hallicus Brevis
Flexes MTP of 1st digit
45
What is the innervation of the Flexor Hallicus Brevis
Medial Plantar Nerve
46
What are the attachments of the Adductor Hallicus
Oblique Head: Base of metatarsal 2-4 Tranverse head: plantar ligament of MTP joints Tendons of both heads attach to lateral surface of the base of the 1st proximal phalanx
47
What is the innervation of the adductor hallicus?
Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve S1 S2 S3
48
What is the muscle action of the adductor hallicus brevis?
Adducts 1st digit, assists in maintaining transverse arch
49
What are the attachments of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Base of 5th metatarsal Base of 5th proximal Phalanx
50
What is the innervation of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve S1 S2 S3
51
What is the muscle action of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexes MTP joint of 5th digit
52
What are the attachments of the Dorsal Interossei
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5 1st: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2-4 Lateral side of 2nd-4th digit proximal phalanx
53
What is the innervation of the Dorsal Interossei and Plantar Interossei
Lateral Plantar Nerve S1 S2 S3
54
What is the muscle action of the dorsal interossei?
Abducts digits 2-4 at MTP joints
55
What are the attachments of the Plantar Interossei
O: plantar medial shafts of metatarsals 3-5 I: Medial phalanges of digits 3-5
56
What is the muscle action of the Plantar Interossei
Adducts digits 3-5 at MTP joints
57
What spinal level is the ASIS?
L3 L4
58
What spinal level is PSIS?
S2
59
What is the proximal attachment of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus) Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum SAME AS THE EXTENSOR HALLICUS BREVIS
60
What is the distal attachment of the extensor Digitorum brevis
Extensor Digitorum longus tendons of digits 2-4 Remember it just aids the extensor digitorum longus
61
What is the innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and the Extensor Hallicus Brevis (Both of the small dorsal foot muscles)
Deep fibular nerve L5 or S1 or BOTH
62
What is the proximal attachment of the Extensor Hallicus Brevis
Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus) Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum SAME AS THE EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
63
What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallicus brevis
Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe DOES NOT GO TO DISTAL PHALANX
64
What is the muscle action of the extensor hallicus brevis
Aids the extensor hallucis longus with great toe EXTENSION @ MTP & IP joints
65
What is the Proximal attachment of the Abductor Hallicus
Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity Plantar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum
65
What is the distal attachment of the Abductor Hallicus
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit Remember it attaches to the medial side because it pulls the big toe out!
65
What is the innervation of the Abductor Hallicus and the Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Medial plantar nerve L5 S1 Both the flexor digitorum brevis and abductor hallicus are medial whereas the Abductor digiti minimi is lateral so it gets the Lateral plantar Nerve S1 S2 S3
66
What is the muscle action of abductor hallicus
First digit abduction and flexion
67
What is the muscle action of the flexor digitorum brevis
Digit 2-5 flexion The extensor digitorum brevis only extends 2-4 whereas the flexor digitorum brevis flexes 2-5
68
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum brevis
Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity Plantar aponeurosis Intermuscular septa ALMOST THE SAME AS THE Abductor hallicus except the last one is different
69
What is the distal attachment of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 What the heck it attaches to middle phalanges
70
What is the proximal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi
Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity Plantar aponeurosis Intermuscular septa ALMOST the exact same as the flexor digitorum brevis except it also attaches to the lateral tubercles aswell because the pinky toe is lateral
71
What is the distal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit You don't need to attach any further than the proximal phalanx to abduct!
72
What is the nerve of the Abductor digiti minimi
Lateral plantar nerve S1, S2, S3 This makes sense because the pinky toe is the most lateral. Meanwhile the flexor digitorum brevis and the abductor hallicus get the MEDIAL plantar nerve L5 S1 because they're more medial.
73
What is the muscle action of the abductor digiti minimi
5th digit ABduction 5th digit FLEXION Just like the Abductor Hallicus
74
What's the parent structure of the medial plantar nerve?
Tibial Nerve Sciatic -> Tibial -> Medial Plantar
75
What's the parent structure of the tibial nerve?
Sciatic nerve Sciatic -> Tibial -> Medial Plantar
76
What is the proximal and distal attachment of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Base of 5th metatarsal to the base of the 5th proximal phalange
77
The abductor digiti minimi and the abductor hallicus both assist with
Flexion because theyre on the bottom of the foot
78
What muscle has the two sessamoid bones of the great toe embedded in it
Flexor Hallicus Brevis
79
What is the proximal and distal attachment of flexor hallicus brevis
Cuboid and lateral cuneiform to Both sides of the proximal phalange of first digit
80
The plantar interossei and dorsal interossei both act on what joints?
Metatarsophalangeal
81
What is the quadratus plantae distal attachment which is also the lumbricals proximal attachment?
Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons
82
What is this process and what muscle connects here?
Lateral calcaneal tubercle Abductor Digit Minimi
83
What is this structure and what muscles attach here?
Medial calcaneal tubercle Abductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Abductor Digiti Minimi
84
What runs through this groove?
Fibularis Longus "Groove for fibularis longus"
85
What runs through this groove on the medial calcaneus
Flexor Hallicus Longus
86
What is os trigonum
accessory (extra) bone that sits in the back of the ankle near the heel bone. This occurs in 2.5–14% of normal feet. It is usually round, oval, or triangular, and varies in size.
87
Identify this hole in the tibia
Nutrient foramen
88
Identify this structure
Femoral Fovea
89
Talar beak is normally seen in
especially seen in athletes and dancers also common with talo-calcaneal fusion (Birth defect)
90
True or false: The tibialis anterior attaches to the plantar side of the 1st metatarsal
True, that's how it supports the medial arch
91
Which toe is the reference of the midline in the foot?
2nd toe
92
Sural Nerve entrapment sites
Lower lateral leg at an area where a fibrous arcade Baker cyst Gastroc strains Fx of 5th metatarsal
93
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is associated with over____
overpronation
94
Repetitive eversion of the foot may cause
Baxters Neuropathy/medial plantar nerve entrapment
95
What is the parent structure of the posterior tibial artery
Popliteal artery
96
What is the parent structure of Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery Deep Plantar Arch
Posterior Tibial Artery
97
What is the parent structure of the dorsalis pedis artery and lateral tarsal artery
Anterior tibial artery
98
What's the parent structure of the lateral and medial plantar nerves
Tibial Nerve

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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