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Anatomy Exam 3 > Last minute crash course w/ updated attachments > Flashcards

Last minute crash course w/ updated attachments Flashcards

1
Q

Glute Max Origin and Insertion

A

Posterior Gluteal Line of Ilium

Dorsal Sacrum and Coccyx

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Most fibers: Iliotibial tract -> Gerdy’s tubercle

Some fibers: Gluteal Tuberosity

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2
Q

Glute Max actions

A

Hip extension especially from flexed position

Lateral Rotation

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3
Q

Glute med Origin and Insertion

A

Ilium between Posterior and Anterior Gluteal Lines

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

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4
Q

Glute Med, Glute Min, and TFL actions

A

Medial Rotation

Hip ABD

Keeps CONTRALATERAL pelvis level during single limb stance

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5
Q

Glute Min Origin and Insertion

A

Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Anterior surface of greater trochanter

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6
Q

TFL origin and insertion

A

ASIS + Anterior iliac crest

IT Band to gerdy’s tubercle

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7
Q

Piriformis Origin and Insertion

A

Anterior Surface of Sacrum + Sacrotuberous ligament

Greater Trochanter

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8
Q

Obturator Internus origin and insertion

A

Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Greater Trochanter

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9
Q

Superior Gemellus Origin and Insertion

A

Ischial Spine

Greater Trochanter

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10
Q

Inferior Gemellus AND Quadratus Femoris origin and insertion (BOTH THE SAME)

A

Ischial Tuberosity

Greater Trochanter

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11
Q

Muscle action of the Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Superior Gemellus
Inferior Gemellus

A

Laterally rotate hip when extended

Abduct hip when flexed

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12
Q

Muscle action of the Quadratus femoris

A

Hip lateral rotation

Hip stabilizaton

note: it does not abduct like the other deep 6

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13
Q

Psoas Major Origin and Insertion

A

Sides of T12 - L5 vertebrae
and discs between them

TP L1 - L5

Lesser Trochanter (Only muscle to insert here along with )

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14
Q

Iliacus Origin and Insertion

A

Iliac fossa
Sacrum
Anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Lesser Trochanter (only muscle to attach here besides Psoas)

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15
Q

Muscle action of Psoas and Iliacus

A

With the origin fixed:
- Hip FLEXION
- Hip LATERAL ROTATION

With the insertion fixed:
- Trunk FLEXION toward the thigh
- Pelvic ANTERIOR TILT

Psoas major only:
STABILIZES hip joint when standing

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16
Q

Pectineus Origin and insertion

A

Superior pubic ramus

Pectineal line of femur
just inferior to lesser trochanter

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17
Q

Sartorius origin and insertion

A

ASIS

Pes Anserine of tibia

(One of 3 muscles to attach here including Gracilis and Semitendonosus)

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18
Q

Pectineus Action

A

Hip ADDUCTION

Slightly FLEXES hip

Assists with hip LATERAL ROTATION

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19
Q

Sartorius Action

A

At the hip:
- FLEXION
- ABduction
- LATERAL ROTATION

At the knee:
- FLEXION
- MEDIAL ROTATION when flexed

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20
Q

Quadriceps Distal Insertion

A

Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

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21
Q

Rectus Femoris Origin

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Ilium, superior to acetabulum

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21
Q

Vastus Lateralis Origin

A

Greater trochanter
Lateral lip of linea aspera

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22
Q

Vastus Intermedius Origin

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of
shaft of femur

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22
Q

Vastus Medialis Origin

A

Intertrochanteric line
Medial lip of linea aspera

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23
Rectus Femoris Muscle action that's unique from the other quads:
OFC they all extend knee Rectus Femoris also helps flex hip
24
Adductor longus origin and insertion
Body of pubis Linea Aspera
25
Adductor Brevis Origin and Insertion
Body and inferior ramus of pubis Pectineal line Linea aspera of femur
26
Adductor Magnus Origin and Insertion
Adductor part: Inferior pubic ramus Ramus of ischium to Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera Medial supracondylar line Hamstring Part: Ischial tuberosity to Adductor tubercle of femur
27
Adductor Longus and Brevis Action
Hip Adduction Additionally the Brevis slightly flexes hip
28
Adductor Magnus action
Hip ADDUCTION Adductor part: Hip FLEXION Hamstring part: Hip EXTENSION
29
Gracilis Origin and Insertion
Body and inferior ramus of pubis Pes anserine of tibia
30
Obturator Externus Origin and Insertion
Margins of obturator foramen Obturator membrane Greater trochanter of femur
31
Obturator Externus Muscle Action
Hip LATERAL ROTATION Hip STABILIZATION (same as quadratus Femoris)
32
Gracilis Muscle Action
Hip ADDUCTION Knee FLEXION Knee MEDIAL ROTATION when flexed
33
Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus Muscle Action
Hip EXTENSION Knee FLEXION Knee MEDIAL ROTATION when flexed When hip and knee are flexed (as when sitting), can EXTEND trunk at hip (to rise)
33
Semitendinosus origin and insertion
Ischial Tuberosity Pes anserine of tibia
34
Semimembranosus Origin and Insertion
Ischial Tuberosity Posterior medial tibial condyle Reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
35
Biceps Femoris Origin and Insertion
Long head: Ischial tuberosity Short head: Linea aspera + Lateral supracondylar line Lateral side of fibular head (Tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament (LCL) of knee)
36
Biceps Femoris Muscle Action
Knee FLEXION Knee LATERAL ROTATION when flexed Long head only: Hip EXTENSION
37
Fibularis Brevis Origin and Insertion
Inferior lateral fibula Lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
38
Fibularis Longus Origin and Insertion
Head of fibula Superior lateral fibula Medial cuneiform Base of 1st metatarsal
39
Fibularis Brevis and Longus Muscle Action
Subtalar joint EVERSION Weak ankle PLANTAR FLEXION
40
Tibialis Anterior Origin and Insertion
Lateral condyle of tibia Superior 1/2 of tibia Interosseous membrane Medial cuneiform Base of 1st metatarsal Note: doesn’t attach to fibula
41
Tibialis Anterior Muscle Action
Ankle DORSIFLEXION Subtalar joint INVERSION
42
Extensor Hallicus Longus Origin and Insertion
Middle anterior fibula Interosseous membrane Base of distal phalanx of great toe
43
Extensor Hallicus Longus Muscle Action
Great toe EXTENSION Ankle DORSIFLEXION
44
Extensor Digitorum Longus origin and insertion
Lateral condyle of tibia Superior surface of fibula Interosseous membrane (Note: attaches to ALL 3 structures of the lower leg Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
45
Muscle action of Extensor Digitorum Longus
Digits 2-5 EXTENSION Ankle DORSIFLEXION
46
Fibularis Tertius Origin and Insertion
Inferior anterior surface of fibula Interosseous membrane Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
47
What structure passes through the interosseus membrane in the lower leg (only one to do so)
anterior tibial artery
48
Fibularis Tertius Muscle Action
Ankle DORSIFLEXION Aids in subtalar joint EVERSION
49
Gastrocnemius Origin and Insertion
Medial head: Popliteal surface of femur Lateral head: Lateral femoral condyle Calcaneus via calcaneal / achilles tendon
50
Soleus Origin and Insertion
Posterior fibula Soleal line and medial tibia Tendinous arch between the bony attachments Calcaneus via calcaneal / achilles tendon
51
Plantaris Origin and Insertion
Lateral supracondylar line of femur Oblique popliteal ligament Calcaneus via calcaneal / achilles tendon
52
Gastroc action
Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION when knee is extended RAISES heel during walking Knee FLEXION
53
Soleus Action
Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION independent of knee position Ankle STABILIZATION
54
Plantaris Action
Weakly assists gastrocnemius with ankle PLANTAR FLEXION
55
Popliteus Origin and Insertion
Lateral condyle of femur Lateral meniscus Posterior tibia, above soleal line
56
Popliteus Muscle Action
Unlocks knee by rotating femur 5° on fixed tibia Medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
57
Flexor Hallicus Longus Origin and Insertion
Lower posterior surface of fibula Interosseous membrane Base of distal phalanx of great toe
58
Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Action
Great toe FLEXION @ ALL joints Weak ankle PLANTAR FLEXION Supports medial longitudinal arch
59
Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin and Insertion
Posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line By a broad tendon to fibula Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
60
Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Action
Digits 2-5 FLEXION Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION Supports longitudinal arches
61
Which posterior lower leg muscle attaches to all 3 structures of the lower leg
Tibialis Posterior
62
Tibialis Posterior Origin and Insertion
**ORIGIN** Interosseous membrane Posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line Posterior surface of fibula **INSERTION** Tuberosity of navicular Cuneiforms Cuboid Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus Bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
63
Tibialis Posterior Muscle Actions
Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION Foot INVERSION Maintains medial longitudinal arch
64
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Origin and Insertion
**Origin** Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity Plantar aponeurosis Intermuscular septa **Insertion** Both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
65
Muscle Action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Digits 2-5 FLEXION @ MTP & PIP joints NOT DIP joint
66
Quadratus Plantae origin and insertion
Medial surface and lateral margin of calcaneus' plantar surface flexor digitorum longus tendon
67
Quadratus Plantae Muscle Action
Assists flexor digitorum longus with digits 2-5 FLEXION @ MTP & IP joints
68
Lumbricals Origin and Insertion
Flexor digitorum longus tendons Medial aspect of extensor expansions over digits 2-5
69
Lumbricals Muscle Action
Of digits 2-5... MTP joint FLEXION PIP & DIP joint EXTENSION
70
Adductor Hallicus Origin and Insertion
** Origin** Oblique head: Bases of metatarsals 2-4 Transverse head: Plantar ligaments of MTP joints **Insertion** Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
71
Adductor Hallicus Musle Action
1st digit ADDUCTION Assists in maintaining transverse arch by pulling metatarsals medially
72
Flexor Hallicus Brevis Origin and Insertion
Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit (Note: the 2 sesamoid bones of the great toe are contained within its tendons
73
Flexor Hallicus Brevis Action
1st MTP Flexion
74
Plantar Interossei Origin and Insertion
Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5 Medial sides of bases of phalanges of digits 3-5
75
Dorsal Interossei Origin and Insertion
Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5 1st: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2nd-4th: Lateral sides of digits 2-4"
76
Plantar Interossei Action
Digits 3-5 Adduction @ MTP
77
Dorsal Interossei Action
Digit 2-4 Abduction at MTP
78
Identify this ligament and it's action
Ischiofemoral ligament Limits Flexion (It's on the back)
79
What does the Pubofemoral ligament resist
Abduction It's the lowest ligament of the 3
80
What does the Iliofemoral Ligament resist
Extension (it's on the front)
81
What is the parent structure of the Dorsal Pedis Artery
Anterior Tibial Artery
82
What is the parent structure of the Anterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial artery
83
What is the parent structure of the Popliteal Artery
Femoral Artery
84
What is the Parent structure of the Posterior Tibial Artery
Popliteal Artery
85
What is the parent structure of the Medial and Lateral plantar artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
86
Hip lateral rotation myotome
S1
87
Hip medial rotation Myotome
L5
88
Hip adduction myotome
L3
89
Hip abduction myotome
L5
90
Ankle Inversion myotome
L4
91
Ankle Everson myotome
S1
92
Toe extension myotome
L5
93
Toe flexion myotome
S2
94
Hip extension myotome
S2
95
Knee flexion myotome
S2
96
Hip flexion Myotome
L2
97
Knee extension myotome
L3
98
Dorsiflexion myotome
L4
99
Ankle Plantarflexion myotome
S1
100
Deep tendon quadriceps reflex spinal levels?
L3 L4 (think knee extension myotome L3)
101
Calcaneal Tendon reflex spinal levels?
S1 S2 (think the spinal levels of the gastroc)
102
What nerve is the travel partner with the sciatic nerve?
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of thigh
103
Review this
Good work soldier
104
Review this
Good work soldier
105
What is the most common direction of hip dislocation? Also what ligament is injured
Posterior (Most common from flexed position) Injured ligament: Ischiofemoral ligament, usually the other 2 are not effected
106
What part of the femur will have necrosis with a hip dislocation?
Proximal head (because of the artery going to the fovea)
107
Which meniscus is more commonly injured, less mobile, LARGER and C shaped?
Medial Meniscus
108
Which meniscus is more mobile, and O shaped?
Lateral Meniscus
109
What forces do the MCL resist?
Valgus forces
110
What forces do the LCL resist?
Varus forces
111
An increased Q angle stresses what meniscus?
Lateral
112
A decreased Q angle stresses what meniscus
Medial
113
True or false: The sural nerve is a motor nerve
False, only sensory
114
What is the cause of shin splits?
Irritation of the tibialis anterio r
115
What ligament is most commonly injured with lateral ankle sprains
Anterior Talofibular ligament Note: Don't select anterior tibiofibular ligament, dr garcia will try to trick us)
116
A lateral ankle sprain can cause what 3 fractures? (Maybe, the slide is unclear)
Avulsion fracture ( from fibularis brevis) Jones Fractrue Midshaft fracture
117
What is a lisfranc injury
Metatarsals dislocate from distal tarsal bones
118
What bones are in the first ray?
Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial Cuneiform, and First Metatarsal
119
Where does the illiotibial band begin?
Iliac tubercle

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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