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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What the normal femoral angle of inclination

A

126 degrees

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2
Q

What is the myotome of abduction

A

L5

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3
Q

What’s the myotome of hip adduction

A

L3

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4
Q

What’s the myotome of ankle inversion?

A

L4

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5
Q

What’s the myotome of ankle eversion

A

S1

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6
Q

What’s the myotome of hip extension

A

S2

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7
Q

What’s the myotome of hip flexion

A

L2

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8
Q

Whats the myotome of knee flexion

A

S2

Think “S2 curls u into a ball with a combo of hip ext, knee flex, and toe flex

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9
Q

What’s the myotome of Knee Extension

A

L3

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10
Q

What’s the myotome of Dorsiflexion

A

L4

The letter 4 looks like a dorsal fin, idk just something to remember it by

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11
Q

myotome of Ankle Plantarflexion

A

S1

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12
Q

Toe extension myotome

A

L5

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13
Q

Toe Flexion Myotome

A

S2

Think “closest to the ground muscles get S2”

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14
Q

What is the muscle action of Rectus Femoris?

A

Extends Knee Joint

Steadies hip joint, helps Illiopsoas flex hip joint

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15
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Rectus Femoris

A

Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine

Ilium superior to acetabulum

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16
Q

What’s the distal attachment of Rectus Femoris

A

Quadriceps tendon to base of patella, also has independent attachment to the patella

Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

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17
Q

What’s the innervation of Rectus Femoris

A

Femoral Nerve L2 (L3 L4)

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18
Q

Myotome of hip IR

A

L5

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19
Q

Myotome of hip ER

A

S1

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Vastus Lateralis

A

The greater Trochanter

Lateral Lip of linea Aspera

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21
Q

What is the proxmial attachment of the vastus medialis

A

The intertrochanteric line

medial lip of linea aspera

REMEMBER it’s a quad muscle and the intertrochanteric LINE is on the front of the femur. The fossa and crest is on the back.

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22
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Vastus intermedius

A

Anterior and lateral surface of shaft of femur

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the Quad group?

A

Femoral Nerve L2 (L3 L4)

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24
Q

What is the distal attachment of the vastus intermedius

A

Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacular

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25
Q

Whats the insertion of the Vastus Lateralis?

A

“Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)”

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26
Q

What’s the insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

“Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)”

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27
Q

True or false: all of the hamstring group are 2 joint muscles

A

False
Bicep Femoris Shorthead is not

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28
Q

Name these 3 muscles, remember which is lateral, which is medial, which is deep and which are superficial

A
  1. Biceps Femoris

2.Semitendinosis

  1. SemiMembranosus

*Tendinosis is ontop of membranosus

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29
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Long head -Ischial tuberosity (Like the rest of the hamstrings)

Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

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30
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps femoris

A

Lateral side of the fibular head

*Tendon is split at the attachment site by the LCL ligament

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31
Q

What is the innervation of Biceps Femoris

A

Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) (just like the other 2 hamstrings)

Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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32
Q

What is the muscle action of the biceps femoris

A

Flexes knee joint and laterally rotates it when flexed

Longhead extends hip joint

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33
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the semitendonosus

A

Ischial Tuberosity

(same as Biceps Femoris longhead and Semimembranosus)

34
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the semimembranosus

A

Ischial Tuberosity

(same as Biceps Femoris longhead and Semitendinosus)

35
Q

What is the distal attachment of semitendinosus

A

Pes Anserinus of tibia

36
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Semimembranosus

A

Posterior medial condyle of tibia

Note: Reflected attachment
forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)

REMEMBER SEMIMEMBRANOSUS M for MEDIAL (medial tibia)

37
Q

What is the action of both Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus

A

Extend hip joint

Flex knee joint and medially rotate it when flexed.

When hip and knee joints are flexed
muscles can extend trunk at hip joint (like rising from a seated position) *AKA hip extension but in a close chain activity

38
Q

What is the innervation of both the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

39
Q

What are the myotomes of S1

A

Ankle Plantarflexion

Ankle Eversion

Hip External Rotation

40
Q

What are the myotomes of S2

A

Toe Flexion
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion

41
Q

What are the myotomes of L5

A

Hip internal rotation
Hip abduction
Toe extension

42
Q

The femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus to become…

A

popliteal artery

43
Q

The popliteal artery passes through the soleal line to become the

A

Posterior tibial artery

44
Q

What muscles make up the popliteal fossa?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and popliteus muscle

45
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate?

A

Popliteal fossa

46
Q

What are all the nerves in the Popliteal fossa?

A

Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve

Sural communicating branch

Common fibular (Peroneal nerve)

Tibial Nerve

Sural Nerve

47
Q

Name the 3 MAIN structures traveling in the popliteal fossa

A

Tibial Nerve, Popliteal Vein, Politeal Artery (lateral to medial respectfully)

48
Q

Increased Q angle leads to….

This stresses which meniscus

A

Genu Valgum

Lateral Meniscus

49
Q

Decreased Q angle leads to….

This stresses which meniscus?

A

Genu Varum

Medial Meniscus

50
Q

The patellar ligament goes between what structures?

A

Apex of Patella to tibial tuberosity

51
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament is a continuation of what?

Where does it go?

A

An expansion of the semimembranosus tendon

Arises posterior to the medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally toward the lateral femoral condyle.

52
Q

The tibial collateral/MCL ligament connects what?

A

Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the
medial condyle and the superior part of the medial surface
of the tibia

ALSO firmly attached to medial meniscus (Why they’re both injured together so often)

53
Q

Fibular collateral ligament, aka lateral collateral
ligament connects what?

A

Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the
lateral surface of the fibular head

DOES NOT ATTACH TO LATERAL MENISCUS

54
Q

What are the two functions of the Arcuate popliteal ligament

A

○ Strengthens the joint capsule posterolaterally

○ Contributes to posterolateral stability of the knee.

More info: Arises from the posterior aspect of the fibular head, passes
superomedially over the tendon of the popliteus, and
spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint.

55
Q

The ACL of the knee prevents what?

A

Anterior displacement of Tibia on femur and hyperextension

Think of the shelf test*

56
Q

The PCL of the knee prevents what

A

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
or posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and
helps prevent hyperflexion of the knee joint.

57
Q

The iliofemoral ligament resists what?

58
Q

Where does the appendicular skeleton meet the axial spine in the lower body

A

Sacroiliac joint

59
Q

The ischiofemoral ligament resists what?

60
Q

The pubofemoral ligament resists what?

61
Q

If the acetabular branch of the obturator artery is cut, what part of the femur will have necrosis

A

The very tip of the head of the femur

62
Q

Does the fibula articulate with the knee joint?

63
Q

Where is the patellas normal position?

A

Distal femur, NOT tibia

64
Q

Normal knee flexion and extension?

A

140 degrees flexion

!!!!-5 degrees extension!!!!

more than 0!

65
Q

WITH THE KNEE FLEXED, the tib and fib can rotate how much

A

Medially 10 degrees

laterally 30-40 degrees (MORE LATERAL)

NOTE: They cannot rotate with knee extended

66
Q

The most important stabilizing muscle of the knee is…

A

rectus femoris

67
Q

What goes through the adductor canal?

A

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Saphenous nerve

68
Q

True or false: The Femoral artery supplies the circumflex arteries of the femur

A

False the circumflex artery is supplied by the profundus femoris artery

69
Q

Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

Exiting the adductor haitus

70
Q

What structure does the great saphenous vein feed into

A

Femoral vein

71
Q

Medial to lateral order of the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

AVN

Popliteal artery

Popliteal vein

Tibial nerve

THE NERVE IS MOST LATERAL

72
Q

What nerve travels with the sciatic nerve

A

Posterior Cutaneous nerve of thigh

This periphrial nerve supplies the skin behind the knee. Can be mistaken for S2 dermatome

73
Q

True or false, the Sural nerve is only cutaneous

74
Q

Where does the sural nerve originate

A

From the popliteal fossa, it runs down the center of the lower leg

75
Q

What knee ligaments are outside of the joint capsule?

A

Patellar Ligament

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

LCL

MCL

76
Q

True or false: Medial collateral ligament deep fibers connect to the medial meniscus

77
Q

The ACL runs in what direction?

A

From the lateral posterior femur to the medial anterior tibia

78
Q

Which direction does the PCL run?

A

from the lateral side of the MEDIAL condyle of the femur to the posterior tibial plateau

79
Q

What is the origin of the ACL?

PCL?

A

ACL: Medial side of lateral condyle of femur

PCL: Lateral side of medial condyle of femur

80
Q

True or false: The mensicus of the knee are made of articular cartilage

A

False, it’s fibrocartilage

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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