Lecture 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What the normal femoral angle of inclination
A
126 degrees
2
Q
What is the myotome of abduction
A
L5
3
Q
What’s the myotome of hip adduction
A
L3
4
Q
What’s the myotome of ankle inversion?
A
L4
5
Q
What’s the myotome of ankle eversion
A
S1
6
Q
What’s the myotome of hip extension
A
S2
7
Q
What’s the myotome of hip flexion
A
L2
8
Q
Whats the myotome of knee flexion
A
S2
Think “S2 curls u into a ball with a combo of hip ext, knee flex, and toe flex
9
Q
What’s the myotome of Knee Extension
A
L3
10
Q
What’s the myotome of Dorsiflexion
A
L4
The letter 4 looks like a dorsal fin, idk just something to remember it by
11
Q
myotome of Ankle Plantarflexion
A
S1
12
Q
Toe extension myotome
A
L5
13
Q
Toe Flexion Myotome
A
S2
Think “closest to the ground muscles get S2”
14
Q
What is the muscle action of Rectus Femoris?
A
Extends Knee Joint
Steadies hip joint, helps Illiopsoas flex hip joint
15
Q
What is the proximal attachment of the Rectus Femoris
A
Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine
Ilium superior to acetabulum
16
Q
What’s the distal attachment of Rectus Femoris
A
Quadriceps tendon to base of patella, also has independent attachment to the patella
Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
17
Q
What’s the innervation of Rectus Femoris
A
Femoral Nerve L2 (L3 L4)
18
Q
Myotome of hip IR
A
L5
19
Q
Myotome of hip ER
A
S1
20
Q
What is the proximal attachment of the Vastus Lateralis
A
The greater Trochanter
Lateral Lip of linea Aspera
21
Q
What is the proxmial attachment of the vastus medialis
A
The intertrochanteric line
medial lip of linea aspera
REMEMBER it’s a quad muscle and the intertrochanteric LINE is on the front of the femur. The fossa and crest is on the back.
22
Q
What is the proximal attachment of Vastus intermedius
A
Anterior and lateral surface of shaft of femur
23
Q
What is the innervation of the Quad group?
A
Femoral Nerve L2 (L3 L4)
24
Q
What is the distal attachment of the vastus intermedius
A
Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacular
25
Whats the insertion of the Vastus Lateralis?
"Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)"
26
What's the insertion of the vastus medialis?
"Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)"
27
True or false: all of the hamstring group are 2 joint muscles
False
Bicep Femoris Shorthead is not
28
Name these 3 muscles, remember which is lateral, which is medial, which is deep and which are superficial
1. Biceps Femoris
2.Semitendinosis
3. SemiMembranosus
*Tendinosis is ontop of membranosus
29
What is the proximal attachment of the Biceps Femoris?
Long head -Ischial tuberosity (Like the rest of the hamstrings)
Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
30
What is the distal attachment of the biceps femoris
Lateral side of the fibular head
*Tendon is split at the attachment site by the LCL ligament
31
What is the innervation of Biceps Femoris
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) (just like the other 2 hamstrings)
Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
32
What is the muscle action of the biceps femoris
Flexes knee joint and laterally rotates it when flexed
Longhead extends hip joint
33
What is the proximal attachment of the semitendonosus
Ischial Tuberosity
(same as Biceps Femoris longhead and Semimembranosus)
34
What is the proximal attachment of the semimembranosus
Ischial Tuberosity
(same as Biceps Femoris longhead and Semitendinosus)
35
What is the distal attachment of semitendinosus
Pes Anserinus of tibia
36
What is the distal attachment of the Semimembranosus
Posterior medial condyle of tibia
Note: Reflected attachment
forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
REMEMBER SEMIMEMBRANOSUS M for MEDIAL (medial tibia)
37
What is the action of both Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
Extend hip joint
Flex knee joint and medially rotate it when flexed.
When hip and knee joints are flexed
muscles can extend trunk at hip joint (like rising from a seated position) *AKA hip extension but in a close chain activity
38
What is the innervation of both the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
39
What are the myotomes of S1
Ankle Plantarflexion
Ankle Eversion
Hip External Rotation
40
What are the myotomes of S2
Toe Flexion
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion
41
What are the myotomes of L5
Hip internal rotation
Hip abduction
Toe extension
42
The femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus to become...
popliteal artery
43
The popliteal artery passes through the soleal line to become the
Posterior tibial artery
44
What muscles make up the popliteal fossa?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and popliteus muscle
45
Where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate?
Popliteal fossa
46
What are all the nerves in the Popliteal fossa?
Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve
Sural communicating branch
Common fibular (Peroneal nerve)
Tibial Nerve
Sural Nerve
47
Name the 3 MAIN structures traveling in the popliteal fossa
Tibial Nerve, Popliteal Vein, Politeal Artery (lateral to medial respectfully)
48
Increased Q angle leads to....
This stresses which meniscus
Genu Valgum
Lateral Meniscus
49
Decreased Q angle leads to....
This stresses which meniscus?
Genu Varum
Medial Meniscus
50
The patellar ligament goes between what structures?
Apex of Patella to tibial tuberosity
51
Oblique popliteal ligament is a continuation of what?
Where does it go?
An expansion of the **semimembranosus tendon**
**Arises posterior to the medial tibial condyle** and passes superolaterally toward the **lateral femoral condyle.**
52
The tibial collateral/MCL ligament connects what?
Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the
medial condyle and the superior part of the medial surface
of the tibia
ALSO firmly attached to medial meniscus (Why they're both injured together so often)
53
Fibular collateral ligament, aka lateral collateral
ligament connects what?
Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the
lateral surface of the fibular head
DOES NOT ATTACH TO LATERAL MENISCUS
54
What are the two functions of the Arcuate popliteal ligament
○ Strengthens the joint capsule posterolaterally
○ Contributes to posterolateral stability of the knee.
More info: Arises from the posterior aspect of the fibular head, passes
superomedially over the tendon of the popliteus, and
spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint.
55
The ACL of the knee prevents what?
Anterior displacement of Tibia on femur and hyperextension
Think of the shelf test*
56
The PCL of the knee prevents what
Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
or posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and
helps prevent hyperflexion of the knee joint.
57
The iliofemoral ligament resists what?
Extension
58
Where does the appendicular skeleton meet the axial spine in the lower body
Sacroiliac joint
59
The ischiofemoral ligament resists what?
Flexion
60
The pubofemoral ligament resists what?
Abduction
61
If the acetabular branch of the obturator artery is cut, what part of the femur will have necrosis
The very tip of the head of the femur
62
Does the fibula articulate with the knee joint?
No
63
Where is the patellas normal position?
Distal femur, NOT tibia
64
Normal knee flexion and extension?
140 degrees flexion
!!!!-5 degrees extension!!!!
more than 0!
65
WITH THE KNEE FLEXED, the tib and fib can rotate how much
Medially 10 degrees
laterally 30-40 degrees (MORE LATERAL)
NOTE: They cannot rotate with knee extended
66
The most important stabilizing muscle of the knee is...
rectus femoris
67
What goes through the adductor canal?
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Saphenous nerve
68
True or false: The Femoral artery supplies the circumflex arteries of the femur
False the circumflex artery is supplied by the profundus femoris artery
69
Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
Exiting the adductor haitus
70
What structure does the great saphenous vein feed into
Femoral vein
71
Medial to lateral order of the contents of the popliteal fossa?
AVN
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
THE NERVE IS MOST LATERAL
72
What nerve travels with the sciatic nerve
Posterior Cutaneous nerve of thigh
This periphrial nerve supplies the skin behind the knee. Can be mistaken for S2 dermatome
73
True or false, the Sural nerve is only cutaneous
TRUE
74
Where does the sural nerve originate
From the popliteal fossa, it runs down the center of the lower leg
75
What knee ligaments are outside of the joint capsule?
Patellar Ligament
Oblique Popliteal Ligament
LCL
MCL
76
True or false: Medial collateral ligament deep fibers connect to the medial meniscus
True
77
The ACL runs in what direction?
From the lateral posterior femur to the medial anterior tibia
78
Which direction does the PCL run?
from the lateral side of the MEDIAL condyle of the femur to the posterior tibial plateau
79
What is the origin of the ACL?
PCL?
ACL: Medial side of lateral condyle of femur
PCL: Lateral side of medial condyle of femur
80
True or false: The mensicus of the knee are made of articular cartilage
False, it's fibrocartilage
