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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name structure A

A

Soleal line (Found on posterior Tibia)

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2
Q

How does the Closed chain screw-home mechanism work

A

Lock/Straighten- Knee Locks by medially ROTATING FEMUR on flexed tibia to allow extension of the knee

Unlock/Bend- POPLITEUS CONTRACTS, laterallly ROTATING FEMUR on fixed tibia, so flexion can occur

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3
Q

How does the open chain screw home mechanism work?

A

Lock/Straighten - Tibia rotates laterally on fixed femur to allow extension of knee

Unlock/Bend- POPLITEUS CONTRACTS - medially rotates tibia on fixed femur so flexion can occur

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4
Q

How does the Popliteus unlock the knee the screw home mechanism?

A

Closed chain- Laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia

Open chain- Medially rotates tibia on fixed femur

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5
Q

What is the innervation of the Gastrocnemius + Soleus + Plantaris?

A

Tibial Nerve S1 S2 for all 3 superficial layer lower leg muscles

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6
Q

What is the Origin of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Medial head originates : Poplieal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle

Lateral head originates- Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

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7
Q

What are the actions of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexes ankle joint when knee extended

Raises heel during walking

Flexes Knee joint

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8
Q

What is the insertion of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon

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9
Q

What is the Origin of the Soleus?

A

Posterior Fibula

Soleal line + Medial Tibia

Tendinous arch extending between boney attachments

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10
Q

What’s the insertion of the soleus AND Plantaris?

A

The Calcaneus via the Calcaneal tendon (Same insertion as gastrocnemius)

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11
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A

Plantarflexes anklejoint independent of knee position

Stabilizes ankle joint

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12
Q

What is the Origin of the Plantaris?

A

Lateral Supracondylar line of femur

Oblique Popliteal ligament

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13
Q

What are the muscle actions of the Plantaris?

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle joint

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14
Q

What is the muscle action of the Popliteus?

A

unlocks knee joint by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia

Medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb

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15
Q

What is the origin of the Popliteus?

A

Lateral Condyle of Femur and Lateral Meniscus

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16
Q

What is the insertion of the popliteus?

A

Posterior Tibia above Soleal line

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17
Q

What’s the innervation of the Popliteus?

A

Tibial Nerve L4 L5 S1

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18
Q

What’s the innervation of the Flexor Hallicus Longus?

A

Tibial Nerve S2 S3

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19
Q

What is the origin of the Flexor Hallicus Longus?

A

Lower Posterior Surface of fibula and Interosseus membrane

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (Hallux)

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21
Q

What is the muscle action of the Flexor Hallicus Longus?

A

Flexes great toe at all joints

Weakly Plantarflexes Anklejoint

Supports Medial Longitudinal arch of foot

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22
Q

What is the origin of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Posterior Tibia inferior to Soleal line

Attaches to the Fibula by a broad tendon

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23
Q

What is the insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Base of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Tibial Nerve S2 S3

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25
Q

Where does the Sciatic nerve split?

A

Behind the hamstring

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26
Q

What is the muscle action of the Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Flexes lateral four digits

Planterflexes ankle joint

Supports (BOTH) Longitudnal arches of foot

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27
Q

What is the origin of the Tibialis Posterior

A

Interosseus Membrase

Posterior Tibia inferior to Soleal line

Posterior surface of fibula

***ONLY MUSCLE THAT ATTACHES TO ALL 3 STRUCTURES POSTERIORLY

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28
Q

What is the insertion of the Tibialis Posterior (A lot)

A

Tuberosity of Navicular

Cuneiform

Cuboid

And Sustenaculum of Tali and Calceneus

Base of 2 3 and 4 metatarsals

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29
Q

What is the innervation of the Tibialis Posterior

A

Tibial Nerve L4 L5

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30
Q

What is the muscle action of the Tibialis Posterior

A

Plantarflexes ankle joint

Inverts foot

Maintains Medial Longitudinal Arch

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31
Q

What is the Origin of the Fibularis Brevis?

A

Inferior Lateral Fibula

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the Fibularis Brevis and Longus

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve (L5 S1) S2

They’re the only muscles that get the superficial fibular nerve!

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33
Q

What is the insertion of the Fibularis Brevis?

A

Lateral Side of the base of the 5th Metatarsal

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34
Q

What is the Origin of the Fibularis Longus?

A

Head of fibula

and the Superior Lateral Fibula

35
Q

What is the insertion of the Fibularis longus

A

Base of the 1st metatarsal and the medial cuniform

(Same as the tibialis anterior)

36
Q

What is the muscle action of the FIbularis Brevis AND Longus

A

EVERTS subtalar joint and weakly plantarflexes ankle joint

37
Q

What is the origin of the Tibialis Anterior

A

Lateral Condyle and Superior half of tibia and interosseus membrane

38
Q

What is the insertion of the Tibialis Anterior

A

Medial Cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

(Same as fibularis longus)

39
Q

What is the muscle action of the Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflexes ankle joint and inverts subtalar joint

(opposite of Fibularis Longus and Brevis)

40
Q

Who has the longest tendon in the body?

A

Plantaris

41
Q

What is the origin of The Extensor Hallicus Longus

A

Middle anterior fibula and interosseus membrane

42
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor Hallicus Longus

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe (Hallux)

(same as flexor hallicus longus)

43
Q

What is the muscle action of Extensor Hallicus Longus?

A

Extends great toe

Dorsiflexes ankle joint

44
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor Hallicus Longus?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve (L5 S1)

45
Q

What is the origin of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

Lateral Condyle of Tibia and superior Surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane

46
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Remember it inserts on the middle phalanx too dangit!

47
Q

What is the muscle action of the extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle joint

48
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Deep Fibular Nerve L5 S1

49
Q

Does the Fibularis Longus attach to the Base of the 5th metatarsal like the brevis?

A

No, according to Dr.G he does a cool turn and heads somewhere else

50
Q

What is the Origin of the Fibularis Tertius

A

Inferior Anterior Surface of Fibula and Interosseus Membrane

51
Q

What is the insertion of the Fibularis Tertius?

A

Dorsum of the base of the 5th metatarsal

52
Q

What is the innervation of the Fibularis Tertius

A

Deep Fibular Nerve L5 S1

Deep Fibular Nerve is usually L5 S1, Unless it’s the Tib anterior, which is L4 L5.

3 Muscles are Deep FIb Nerve L5 S1: Fibularis Tertius, Extensor Hallucis Longus, and Extensor Digitorum Longus

53
Q

What is the muscle action of the Fibularis Tertius

A

Dorsiflexes ankle joint and aids in eversion of the Subtalar joint

54
Q

What muscle of the anterior leg also attaches to all 3 structures?

Tibia+fibula+interosseus membrane

A

Extensor digitorum longus

55
Q

Names these 3 bones

A

Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral Cuneiforms

56
Q

Name this bone

A

Cuboid

57
Q

Name this bone

A

Navicular

58
Q

What muscle has a tendon that runs through the groove on the Talus?

A

Flexor Hallicus Longus

59
Q

What two muscles attach to the same two bones on the foot, but come from different directions?

A

Fibularis Longus

Tibialis anterior

60
Q

What muscles connect to the Talus?

A

NO MUSCLES

61
Q

What motion happens at the Talocrural joint?

A

PF and DF

62
Q

What is this ligamentous structure called?

What does it resist?

A

Medial “Deltoid” Ligament

Resists Eversion

63
Q

What is this ligament and what does it do?

A

Anterior Talofibular ligament

Limits Inversion

64
Q

What is this ligament and what does it do?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament

Resists inversion

65
Q

What are the Ottowa rules for when an Xray is Neccesary for an ankle injury

A

1.Tenderness at posterior/tip of lateral malleolus
2.Tenderness at posterior/tip of medial malleolus
3. Inability to bear weight immediately after and at emergency department

66
Q

What are the Ottowa rules for when an Xray is Neccesary for a foot injury

A
  1. Tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal
  2. Tenderness at navicular
    3.. Inability to bear weight immediately after and at emergency department
67
Q

What motion happens at the subtalar joint?

A

Hindfoot inversion and eversion

68
Q

What bones are in the first ray of the foot

A

first metatarsal and medial cuneiform navicular and calcaneous

69
Q

What metatarsals articulate with the Cuboid?

A

4th and 5th metatarsal

70
Q

What is this ligament called?

A

Long Plantar Ligament

71
Q

What is this ligament?

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular
(Spring ligament)

72
Q

What is this ligament?

A

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
(Short plantar ligament)

73
Q

What goes through the Tarsal Tunnel?

A

Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallicus Longus

“Tom, Dick, and Very Nervous Harry”

74
Q

What happens if you have a Bunion? (Hallus Valgus)

A

Big toe Adduction

Reduces Medial Longitudnal Arch

*Primarily happens in females

75
Q

What are these 2 structures?

A

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

76
Q

What structure creates the roof of the tarsal tunnel?

A

Flexor Retinaculum (on medial side of foot)

77
Q

What are these 2 structures, and what 2 tendons go through them?

A

Superior Fibular Retinaculum

Inferior Fibular Retinaculum

Tendons of fibularis longus and brevis

78
Q

What provides the Dynamic Support of the arches?

What provides the passive support of the arches?

A

Dynamic: Tibialis Posterior, TIbialis Anterior, Flexor Hallicus Longus, Fibularis Longus, Intrinsic Plantar Muscles

Passive: Plantar Aponeurosis

79
Q

What bone is common to both the medial and lateral longitudinal arches?

A

Calcaneous

80
Q

What bones form the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Lateral, Intermediate, and Medial cuneiform bones

and the cuboid

Note: Integrity of the arch is maintained by passive and active structures

81
Q

What muscles form the “stir up” of the transverse arch?

A

Fibularis Longus

Tibialis Posterior

82
Q

What are the attachments of the plantar aponeurosis

A
83
Q

What do the forces through the extensor hood create?

A

MTP flexion and PIP extension that prevent the opposite motions

(sock puppet)

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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