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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name this structure

A

Inguinal Ligament

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2
Q

What is 1 and 2?

Also make sure to review all the other landmarks

A

1: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

2: Pubic Tubercle

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3
Q

Name the two parts of the Ilium and the Bottom Structure

A

Ilium: Ala and Body

Acetabulum

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4
Q

What is “A”

A

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

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5
Q

What is B and C

A

Obturator Foramen

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

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6
Q

What is D and E

A

Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Greater Sciatic Notch

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7
Q

What is F and G

A

Ischial Spine

Lesser Sciatic Notch

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8
Q

What is H and I

A

Ischial Tuberosity

Ischial Ramus

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9
Q

A and B?

A

Neck

Lesser Trochanter

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10
Q

C and D?

A

Pectineal Line

Adductor Tubercle

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11
Q

E and F?

A

Greater Trochanter

Intertrochanteric Crest

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12
Q

G?

A

Lateral Lip of Linea aspera

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13
Q

What boney structure is right here, and what attaches to it?

A

Gluteal Tuberosity

Glute Max

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14
Q

Name these 3 structures

A
  1. Greater Sciatic Foramen
  2. Iliolumbar Ligament
  3. Lesser Sciatic Foramen (Under the Sacrotuberous ligament)
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15
Q

Where does the Sacrotuberous ligament connect?

A

From Sciatic Notch of Ilium/Sacrum

To Ischial Tuberosity

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16
Q

Where does the Sacrospinous ligament connect?

A

sacrum to the
ischial spine

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17
Q

What is this ligament, and what ligament is it continious with?

A

Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament

continuous inferiorly
with the sacrotuberous
ligament.

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18
Q

What is the Origin of the Pectineus

A

Superior Ramus of pubis

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19
Q

What is the insertion of the pectineus

A

Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter

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20
Q

What is the action of the Pectineus

A

Adducts and slightly flexes hip joint;
assists with lateral rotation

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the pectineus

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3);

may receive a branch from
obturator nerve

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22
Q

What is the origin of the Sartorius

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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23
Q

What is the insertion of the Sartorius

A

pes
anserinus

Three muscles insert on the pes anserinus: Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus

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24
Q

What is the action of the sartorius

A

At the hip:
- FLEXION
- ABduction
- LATERAL ROTATION

At the knee:
- FLEXION
- MEDIAL ROTATION when flexed

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the Sartorius

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

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26
Q

What is the Origin of Gluteus Maximus

A

Posterior gluteal line of ilium

Dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx

Sacrotuberous ligament

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27
Q

What is the insertion of the Gluteus Maximus

A

Most fibers: Iliotibial Tract which inserts onto lateral condyle of Tibia

Some Fibers: Gluteal Tuberosity

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28
Q

What are the actions of the Gluteus Maximus

A

Extends hip (especially from flexed position)

Assists in Lateral Rotation

Fixes hip joint, assists with rising from seated position

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29
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve L5 (S1 S2)

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30
Q

What is the Origin of Gluteus Medius

A

ilium between anterior and posterior
gluteal lines

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31
Q

What is the Insertion of Gluteus Medius

A

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

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32
Q

What is the innervation of Gluteus Medius

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5) S1

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33
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A

Abduct and medially rotate hip joint

Keeps pelvis level on contralateral side during swing phase (Prevents Trendelenburg Gait)

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34
Q

What is the Origin of Gluteus Minimus

A

ilium between anterior and inferior
gluteal lines

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35
Q

What is the Insertion of the Gluteus Minimus

A

Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

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36
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Minimus

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve L4(L5) S1

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37
Q

What is the Origin of the Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Anterior superior iliac spine;

anterior part of iliac crest

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38
Q

What is the insertion of the Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Iliotibial tract, which attaches to Gerdy’s Tubercle

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39
Q

What is the action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Medially rotate hip joint;
Abduct hip joint;
keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and
advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing
phase.

SAME AS GLUTE MIN AND GLUTE MED

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40
Q

Whats the innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

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41
Q

What is the origin of the piriformis?

A

Anterior surface of sacrum

Sacrotuberous ligament

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42
Q

What is the Insertion of the piriformis?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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43
Q

What is the muscle action of the piriformis?

A

Laterally rotate extended hip

abduct hip joint when flexed

stabilize hip

44
Q

What is the innervation of the piriformis?

A

Anterior Rami of (S1) and S2

45
Q

What is the muscle action of Obturator Internus?

A

Laterally rotate extended hip

abduct hip joint when flexed

stabilize hip joint

Note: SAME AS PIRIFORMIS

46
Q

What is the origin of Obturator Internus

A

Pelvic surface of Obturator membrane and surrounding bones

47
Q

What is the Insertion of Obturator Internus

A

Greater Trochanter (Trochanteric Fossa) of femur

Note: It has the same action, and almost the same insertion as the PIRIFORMIS.

PIRIFORMIS: Greater Trochanter

48
Q

What is the innervation of Obturator Internus

A

Nerve to obturator Internus L5 (S1)

49
Q

What is the action of the Superior and Inferior Gemelli

A

Laterally rotate extended hip

Abduct Hip Joint when flexed

Stabilize Hip Joint

50
Q

What is the origin of the superior Gemelli?

Inferior Gemelli?

A

Superior: Ischial Spine

Inferior: Ischial Tuberosity

51
Q

What is the insertion of the Superior AND inferior Gemelli?

A

Greater Trochanter (Trochanteric fossa) of femur

52
Q

What is the innervation of the Superior and Inferior Gemelli

A

Superior: Obturator Internus Nerve l5 s1

Inferior: Quadratus Femoris Nerve l5 s1

53
Q

What is the action of Quadratus Femoris

A

Laterally Rotates hip joint

Stabilizes Hip Joint

54
Q

What is the origin of Quadratus Femoris?

A

Ischial Tuberosity

55
Q

What is the insertion of Quadratus Femoris?

A

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

56
Q

What is the innervation of the Quadratus Femoris?

A

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris L5 S1

57
Q

What is the action of Rectus Abdominis

A

Flex Vertebral column

Compress Abdominal Viscera

Tilt Pelvis Posteriorly (ANTI LORDOSIS)

58
Q

What is the innervation of Rectus Abdominis

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (Anterior rami of t6-t12 spinal nerves)

59
Q

What is the muscle action of the External Oblique?

A

Unilaterally: Flex Vertebral column same side, Rotate to opposite site

Bilaterally: Flex vertebral column, Compress abdominal contents

60
Q

What is the innervation of the External Oblique

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves T7 to T11 and Subcostal Nerve

Note: internal oblique is t6-t12 and first lumbar nerve)

61
Q

What is the muscle action of the Internal Oblique?

A

Unilaterally: Flex vertebral column to same side, rotate to same side

Bilaterally: Flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

62
Q

What is the innervation of the Internal Oblique?

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of t6-t12 spinal nerves) and first lumbar nerve

Note: External oblique is T7-T11+ subcostal n

63
Q

What is the action of the transverse abdominis?

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

ANTAGONIST of diaphram with expiration

64
Q

What is the innervation of the Transversus Abdominis

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves) and First Lumbar Nerve

Note: same as internal oblique

65
Q

What are the 3 things that go through the diaphram and their innervation?

Remember the acronym: I ate 10 eggs at 12

A

Esophagus + Vagus nerve T10

Inferior Vena Cava T8

Descending Aorta and Thoracic Duct T12

66
Q

What is the parent structure of the Left common iliac artery?

A

Abdominal Aorta

67
Q

What is the parent structure of the Femoral artery?

A

External Iliac Artery

68
Q

What is the parent structure of the left Internal Iliac Artery?

A

Left common iliac artery

69
Q

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

At the inguinal ligament

70
Q

What is the muscle action of the Adductor Longus AND brevis

A

Adducts hip joint

EASY ENOUGH!

71
Q

What is the Origin of the Adductor Longus?

A

Body of Pubis

72
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor longus

A

Linea Aspera of the femur

73
Q

What is the innervation for adductor longus?

A

Obturator Nerve L2 (L3) and L4

note: Brevis has same nerve

74
Q

What is the innervation of Adductor Brevis?

A

Obturator Nerve L2 L3 and L4

75
Q

What is the origin of Adductor Brevis?

A

Body and inferior Ramus of Pubis

76
Q

Whats the insertion of adductor brevis

A

Pectineal line and linea aspera of femur

Note: the Longus just attaches to Linea Aspera, the Magnus also attaches there for one of it’s attachments

How I will remember this “Adductor Brevis likes doing lines”

77
Q

What’s the innervation of Adductor Magnus

A

TWO NERVES YAY!

Obturator Nerve L2, L3, and L4 (Same as longus and brevis)

and Hamstring part: Tibial part of sciatic nerve L4

78
Q

What’s the Origin of Adductor Magnus?

A

Adductor: Inferior Ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium

Hamstring: ischial tuberosity

How I will remember this “Adductor Magnus loves big Ramuses”

79
Q

What’s the Insertion of Adductor Magnus?

A

Adductor part: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line

Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur

80
Q

What’s the muscle action of adductor magnus?

A

Adducts hip jont

Adductor part: Flexes hip joint

Hamstring part: Extends hip joint

81
Q

What’s the muscle action of the Gracilis?

A

Adducts hip joint

Flexes knee jiont

Medially rotating it when flexed

82
Q

What’s the origin of the Gracilis?

A

Body And Inferior ramus of pubis

(Same for adductor Brevis)

83
Q

What’s the insertion of the Gracilis?

A

Pes Anserinus

Note:It flexes the knee just like the Sartorius (and medially rotates the hip with a flexed knee), so it also attaches in the same place as the sartorius

84
Q

What’s the innervation of the Gracilis?

A

Obturator Nerve (L2) L3

85
Q

What’s the muscle action of the Obturator Externus?

A

Laterally rotates hip

Stabilizes hip joint

86
Q

What’s the origin of the Obturator Externus?

A

Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

87
Q

What’s the insertion of the obturator externus?

A

Trochanteric fossa of femur

88
Q

What’s the innervation of the Obturator Externus

A

Obturator Nerve L3 L4

89
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

What’s inside?

A

Superior: Inguinal ligament

medial: Adductor Longus

Lateral: Sartorius

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

90
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas Major?

A

Sides of T12 - L5 vertebrae
and discs between them

TP L1 - L5

91
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter

92
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of L1, L2, L3

93
Q

What is the muscle action of the iliacus and the psoas major

A

With the origin fixed:
- Hip FLEXION
- Hip LATERAL ROTATION

With the insertion fixed:
- Trunk FLEXION toward the thigh
- Pelvic ANTERIOR TILT

Psoas major only:
STABILIZES hip joint when standing

94
Q

What is the origin of the Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa
Sacrum
Anterior sacroiliac ligaments

95
Q

What is the insertion of the Iliacus

A

Lesser trochanter
Psoas tendon

96
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliacus

A

Femoral nerve
L2, L3 L4

Same as rectus femoris

97
Q

Most common cause of “broken hip” AKA femoral neck fx

A

Ostoeporosis, common in individuals WOMEN 60+

Usually they’re walking and then the osteoporosis breaks their leg THEN they fall. (not from a fall)

98
Q

How is the leg positioned when you have broken your femoral neck

A

Looks shorter

Externally rotated

99
Q

The greater sciatic foramen is for…

Whereas the lesser sciatic foramen is for…

A

Greater: structures entering or leaving pelvis

Lesser: Structures entering or leaving the perineum

100
Q

What ligament forms the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

101
Q

What ligament forms the greater sciatic foramen

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

102
Q

Test Q: What forms the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

103
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle from medial to lateral?

A

Femoral Vein

Femoral Artery

Femoral Nerve

V->A->N medial to lateral

NAV lateral to medial

104
Q

True or false: The femoral profunda nerve rests on the femur

A

False, unlike in the humerus, the femoral profunda artery does not rest on the bone

105
Q

What action is associated with the obturator nerve

A

Adduction

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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