Lecture 4 Flashcards
Physical activity
any movement that requires energy above resting levels
Exercise
planned, structured type of PA designed to improve physical fitness
Physical fitness
set of attributes that include health and athletic related skills. allows for enjoyment of life without fatigue or stress response
Cardiovascular endurance
ability of body to sustain exercise, large dynamic exercise
achieved through aerobic training
designed to help achieve physical fitness
Muscle Endurance
ability of an isolated muscle group to perform repeated contractions over a period of time
VO2 Max
highest rate of oxygen the body can consume during max exercise.
gold standard of measurement of CV endurance
Blood pressure and aerobic ex
systolic BP increases, Diastolic stays the same
Pulmonary ventilation and aerobic ex
tidal volume and respiratory rate increase in proportion to exercise
What increases with CV endurance training?
heart volume
left ventricle size
stroke volume
hemoglobin
capillary formation
VO2 max
energy levels
What decreases with CV endurance?
resting and submax HR
time required to get to resting
BP
respiratory rates
body fat
blood glucose
Causes of impaired aerobic activity
coronary artery disease
pericarditis
heart failure
aneurysms
arrhythmias
rehumatic fever
endocarditis
prolapse
deformities of heart
Pulmonary diseases
COPD
asthma
pneumonia
cystic fibrosis
lung cancer
Deconditioning
bed bound causues decreased skeletal muscle mass, strength, CV function, orthostatic tolerance, exercise tolerance, bone mineral density
Clinical signs and symptoms aerboic intolerance
severe shortness of breath
abnormal sweating
pallor, cyanosis, cold/clammy skin
CNS symptoms
leg cramps
Warning signs of a heart attack
angina is retrosternal chest pain
pain in left arm, jaw, back, lower neck pain, pressure
Risk factors for decreased CV health
age, male, race, family hx, post menopause
physical inactivity, smoking, elevated BP, overweight/obese
Low risk w/submaximal exercise
men <45
women <55
asymptomatic, no more than 1 risk factor
Moderate risk w/submaximal ex
men >45
women >55
or have 2 or more risk factors
High risk w/submaximal ex
1 ore more signs or symptoms
Maximal graded exercise tests
supervised by medical doctor
done with ECG
done to determine CHD, CAD
ACSM exercise
at least 150 minutes of moderate-intense exercise a week
30-60/5days min of moderate or 20-60 min/3days of vigorous
Precautions of aerobic exercise
those with a history of >1 myocardial infarctions
impaired left ventricular function
angina pectoris
Contraindications of aerobic ex
serious arrhythmias at rest
multi-vessel atherosclerosis
ABSOLUTE contraindications of aerobic ex
MI in the past 7 days
any acute cardiac event
unstable angina
uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias
acute pulmonary embolus
acute mysocarditis, pericarditis
acute infection
dissecting aneurysm
Kids and aerobic exercise
resting and exercise BP is lower, HR is higher
hot environments = lower intensity
60 min to several hours a day
Eldery and aerobic exercise
30 mins, 5days/wk with emphasis on minimizing impact on joints
