Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Strain

A

muscle and tendon

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2
Q

Sprain

A

ligament

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3
Q

Dislocation

A

complete loss of connection between 2 bones

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4
Q

Subluxation

A

partial dislocation. some continuity/connection

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5
Q

Tendinopathy

A

all problems related to tendons

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6
Q

Synovitis

A

inflammation of synovial fluid

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7
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

bleeding into tissues or joints

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8
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation to bursa

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9
Q

Contusion

A

bruise/impact injury

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10
Q

Overuse syndrome

A

more than 1 event leading to injury

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11
Q

Grade 1

A

mild, no significant loss of continuity or stability

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12
Q

Grade 2

A

moderate pain, unable to continue activity, pain w/palpation & stress to tissue. significant number of fibers are torn.

ligament = increased joint mobility

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13
Q

Grade 3

A

severe pain, near complete or complete tear of tissue, stress to tissue is usually painless, may palpate defect

ligament = unstable

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14
Q

Stages of inflammation and repair

A

acute stage = inflammatory
subacute = repair/healing
chronic = maturation/remodeling

continued if not healed –> chronic inflammation & pain

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15
Q

Phase 1 Interventions

A

avoid excessive stretching
single-limb balance
grapevine
plank, 5x10s
side plank, 5x10s
bent knee bridge, 10x5s
low speed jogging

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16
Q

Phase 1 Hamstring lengthening

A

the diver, 3x6 reps every other day
the extender, 3x12, 2xday

17
Q

Phase 2 Interventions

A

lateral shuffle
grapevine jog
rotating body bridge 5s on each side, 2x10 reps

supine bent knee bridge w/walk outs, 3x10

bridge on bench, single leg. 2x10

single limb balance windmills 4x8 reps

18
Q

Phase 2 lengthening

A

the glider, 3 sets, 4 reps, 3x week

progression is increased by increasing distance

19
Q

Phase 3 Interventions

A

skipping
rotating body bridge
sport-specific drills
forward-backward accelerations

20
Q

Tissue Response Stage

A

Inflammation
Most apparent in 1st 48 hours
Lasting 4 to 6 days on average

cellular, vascular, chemical

21
Q

Patient Response Acute Stage

A

Palpable pain/tenderness, swelling, heat, redness, pain at rest, loss of function
limitations in joint or muscle ROM = guarding
pain is before end range or even before actual movement
nerve endings are irritated due to altered chemical states

22
Q

Goal of acute stage

A

protection

23
Q

Goal of subacute stage

A

controlled motion

24
Q

Goal of chronic stage

A

return to function

25
Acute stage plan of care
patient education protection of the injured tissue prevention of adverse effects due to immobility decrease pain
26
Acute stage interventions
PROM (to remote muscles) grade 1 joint mob muscle setting massage for edema
27
Precautions for Acute
signs of increasing inflammation after activity or intervention
28
Contraindications for Acute
stretching and resistance exercises should not be performed at the site of the inflamed or swollen tissue
29
Subacute stage, physiological response
14 to 21 days after onset of injury, can last 6-8 weeks creation of new collagen, very easy to break new capillary beds pain = tissue resistance
30
Plan of care for sub acute
muscle relaxation joint mob stretching using new range sub max isometric active range endurance
31
Signs of excessive stress
soreness that doesn't decrase after 4 hours, isn't resolved in 24 pain that comes on earlier/increased decreased ROM swelling/red/warmth weakness decreased use
32
Chronic stage Tissue reponse
maturation and remodeling 21-60 days fibroblasts being remodeled reduction of wound size quality of collagen increases remodeling of tissue
33
Plan of care chronic stage
education, stop hands on progression return to high demand
34
Non-modifiable risks of hamstrings
prior history greater than 23 ACL, calf strains, other knee/ankle injuries
35
Modifiable risks for hamstrings injuries
hamstrings weakness fatigue strength and coordination deficits
36
What contributes to high rate of reinjury?
persistent weakness in injured muscle reduced extensibility of musculotendon adaptive changes in biomechanics or motor patterns strength/control of lumbopelvic muscles
37
Nordic hamstrings
help to prevent hamstring tears. does not reduce the severity of the injury 1x per week, 2 sets 6 reps
38
Planes of movement
Early active mobilization in the frontal and transverse planes progress to movements in sagittal plane