Lecture 4

Question 1

According to the Fermentation video, which of these is not the four kinds of cells that can handle the no oxygen environment?

Question 2

According to the Fermentation video, does fermentation produce more or less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Question 3

Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of ethanol fermentation?

Answer 3

Done by yeast, not by the use, or production of alcohol. Steps: 1. Glycolysis (same for any organism doing glucose catabolism), 2. Pyruvate, 3. Ethanol created.

Question 4

Why is it bad if an organism keeps on completing ethanol fermentation within a closed container where the ethanol cannot escape as it is created?

Answer 4

Can’t be used for a long period of time within a closed container because if it has more than 12% then it’ll kill the species producing it. Bacteria and yeast can only handle certain levels of ethanol. When the container is open it’s different because things can evaporate.

Question 5

Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of lactic fermentation?

Answer 5

Start with pyruvate, then add NADH, Remove H, add it to the pyruvate and then Lactate is created

Question 6

Why is it a bad thing if an organism produced too much lactate during the fermentation process within the muscle cells?

Answer 6

Too much lactate in the muscle is bad, that’s why too much burn is bad, it’ll create scar tissue and can eventually debilitate someone’s body parts.

Question 7

Glucose is not the only source of energy for our bodies. Which of these macromolecules can also be broken down for energy? (know the information we discussed on the chart on chapter seven slide twenty-seven)

Answer 7

Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Fats

Question 8

Which statement describes deamination?

Answer 8

Deamination: proteins are being broken down and the byproduct is urine/urea

The process of breaking down a protein is called this because you are removing the amino acid group from the proteins itself; the byproduct is urea/urine is formed

Question 9

Which statement describes β-oxidation?

Answer 9

Beta-oxidation: fat is being broken down, and the end product is acetyl CoA

breaking down fatty acids + glycerol, multiple redox reactions occur to end with acetyl CoA, run by redox reactions

Question 10

The respiration of a six-carbon fatty acid yields _____ (percent) more ATP than the respiration of glucose. Fill in the blank.

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

A fatty acid will also weigh ______ (percent or fraction) less than a glucose molecule of the same size (so it can contain more kilocalories in less space). Fill in the blank.

Answer 11

⅔ or 66%

Question 12

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, about how long ago did the first organism use the process of photosynthesis?

Question 13

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, what three physical components (morphological parts) allow vascular plants to complete photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Water, Carbon Dioxide, & the Sun

Question 14

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, within a chloroplast, there is a thylakoid which stores chlorophyll. The thylakoids are stacked into _____________, inside the thylakoids is the ______________, and outside the thylakoids (and technically surrounding it) is the _______________. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 14

grana, lumen, & stroma

Question 15

Photosynthesis cannot occur in which of these organisms?

Answer 15

Photosynthesis CAN OCCUR in Bacteria (some), Algae + Protists, leaves and stems of plants

Question 16

Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-dependent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?

Answer 16

1(need sunlight energy to make atp and NADPH), have chloroplast 2, then can start process; Sunlight kickstart reaction, without 2 things can’t take next step

Question 17

Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-independent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?

Answer 17

Don’t need sunlight

Question 18

What is the overall equation of the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 18

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy → Glucose (carbon fixation) + 6H2O + 6O2

Question 19

Chloroplasts carry out the photosynthetic process. Know the different parts of the chloroplast we discussed in class (i.e. be able to label the different parts)

Answer 19

Thylakoids: little stacked plates
Stroma: liquid outside granum
Photosystems: antennas where light will be brought to thylakoids, captures all light energy

Question 20

Where within a chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 20

Granum

Question 21

Where within a chloroplast do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 21

Stroma

Question 22

_______________ are found within thylakoids and are capable of capturing photons which are used as energy during the photosynthetic process. Fill in the blank.

Answer 22

Photosystems