Lecture 39 - Nutrition Flashcards
Daily Fiber goal should be about ___-___g/day for the average adult. Keep in mind fiber helps to lower LDL, Triglycerides, BP, and glucose, and it is inversely associated with CVD risk.
28-30g/day
Plant ____ and Stanol _____, which can be found in wheat germ, wheat bran, corn, vegetables, and other plant sources, are natural cholesterol-like substances that inhibit the absorption of dietary and endogenous cholesterol, thereby lowering ____ levels.
Plant Sterols and Stanol Esters
LDL
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for sodium for the average American adult is less than or equal to _____mg/day. The Adequate Intake (AI) minimum is ______mg/day.
2300mg/day
1500mg/day
The DASH diet is particularly rich in certain nutrients, including _____, _____, and magnesium.
Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium
Keto diet requires less than 5-10% of calories are from _______ (typically between 25-50g, calculated as total - fiber), about 75% of cals from ______, and about 20% from ______.
Carbs
Fat
Protein
For patients with stage A or B heart failure, the recommendation is to limit sodium intake to ____mg/day.
1500mg/day
_____ restriction is a reasonable treatment for patients with stage D heart failure, especially those with HYPOnatremia. It should be restricted to about ____-___L/day.
Fluid
1.5-2.0L/day
Grapefruit and its juice contains _______ that block the CYP____ enzyme, which cause drugs metabolized by this enzyme to accumulate (e.g. Zocor and Lipitor, which work to lower cholesterol).
Furanocoumarins
CYP3A4
Loop diuretics like Furosemide and Thiazide diuretics like Hydrochlorothiazide can ______ (increase or decrease?) potassium, while Spironolactone can ______ (increase or decrease?) potassium.
Decrease
Increase
Leafy green vegetables are good sources of vit____, which is important in the coagulation cascade. Changing dietary intake of this vitamin while taking Warfarin may alter the drug’s effect.
vit K
