Lecture 30 - Congenital Heart Disease

Question 1

Cyanotic shunting implies the blood flow bypasses the _____, so it does not become oxygenated. This implies it’s a ____ to ____ shunt (Note: all of these issues start with the letter ___).

Answer 1

Lungs

Right to Left

T !!!

Question 2

Are ASDs often symptomatic or asymptomatic, and how are they often discovered in patients?

Answer 2

Often Asymptomatic until adulthood. They are often discovered after a Paradoxical embolism.

Question 3

_____ is the most common congenital heart defect. If large enough, it will be symptomatic from birth. The _____ part of the septum is the most common area where these develop and these are the less likely to close than muscular.

Answer 3

VSD

Membranous

Question 4

An AV canal defect is caused by dysfunction of the ______ cushion. It has a high association with _____ ___. The heart forms with just one common canal between the Atria and the ventricles with both an ASD and VSD.

Answer 4

Endocardial cushion

Trisomy 21

Question 5

_____ _____ _____ causes a Left-to-Right shunt, from the Aorta into the Pulmonary Artery.

Answer 5

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 6

What are the 4 defects in Tetrology of Fallot? Remember this is a ____ to ____ shunt (it starts with a T!)

Answer 6

1. Subpulmonic stenosis
2. VSD
3. Overriding Aorta
4. Right ventricular Hypertrophy

Right to Left

Question 7

Transposition of the Great Vessels –> The ______ is fed by the Right Ventricle and the ________ _______ is fed by the Left Ventricle (opposite of normal, obviously.) Keep in mind, the Returning vessels, the ones bringing the blood back to the heart, are where they’re supposed to be. This creates two closed loops that never reach the ______. Keep in mind, an ASD, VSD, and/or PDA could alleviate this issue!

Answer 7

Aorta

Pulmonary Artery

Lungs

Question 8

Truncus Arteriosus (starts with a T, so it’s _____ to _____ and Cyanotic!) means there is one vessel coming off the heart, and it is ALWAYS accompanied by a ______.

Answer 8

Right to Left

VSD

Question 9

Coartation of the Aorta has a high association with _____ syndrome (XO). Look for diferential ______ in these patients, and also look for cold _____.

Answer 9

Turner Syndrome

Pulses

Feet