Lecture 37 - Fever in travellers

Question 1

What do we want to find out from history

Answer 1

• where patient has been
• How long (incubation periods are different for different microbes)
• Clinical features

Question 2

Malaria
-what type of organism?

how are they transported?

how do these infection body?

Symptoms

diagnosis

Answer 2

-incubation period - weeks

• protozoa
• plasmodium falciparum (fatal)
• plasmodium vivax (benign)

anopheles (mosquitos)
-Mainly found in africa

Anophele feeds on blood, injects salvia which contains sporozoites

• these go to liver and reolicate
• then merozoites are released from liver and invade erythrocytes - can cause fever

first 10 days while in liver - not sick
-entry to RBCs - leads to rupture and then this causes an immune response to due to the breakdown products

Symptoms - fever, headache, coma

Diagnosis - look at blood film , at least 2 blood samples

Question 3

plasmodium falciparum vs

plasmodium vivax

Answer 3

Plasmodium falciparum - is able to infect any rbcs - death from coma and renal failure
-Quinine and doxycycline

Plasmodium vivax - is only able to infect young rbcs - usually no risk of death
-Cholorquine

Question 4

malaria prevention

Answer 4

avoid malaria areas
mosquito contorl
bed nets, long sleeved shirts, long pants ect
-insect repelent
-take doxycycline

Question 5

Dengue fever
what type of microbe?
how is it transmitted?

Answer 5

Dengue virus

• transmitted by Aedes mosquitos
• multiplies in macrophages
• incubation period - 2-7 days

get fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, bone pain

can test blood for antigens

Question 6

Thyphoid fever

Answer 6

• in developing coutnries
• similar to salmonella enetertidis
• only found in humans
• fevers, coughs, headaches, not usually diahorrhea
• intestinal bleeding

-can pass to other humans via contaminated food or drink

treatment - ceftriaxone or ciprfloxacin O
-vaccine is 70% effective

Question 7

could also get hep A

Answer 7

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