Lecture 1-5 to learn Flashcards
What is Haematpoetic tissue
What is the Bone marrow made up of?
-generating non-lymphoid cells of the blood
- Trabeculae bone - fat and haematopoetic tissue
- stromal cells - fibroblasts, macrophages, fat cells, endothelial cells (diagram in book)
- provide support and physical environment
- has an extracellular matrix with adhesion molecules, blood cell growth factors
Naturally occuring vs Immune stimuatled antibodies
- antibodies made
- activates compliment
- site fo RBC destruction
look at my diagram
Why is it not common to get abo haemolytic disease
when is immunophorphylaxis given
AB antigens are weakly expressed in foetus and newborn and are midly expressed in placental tissue and absorb antibodies before they reach the fetus
- abortion
- amniocentesis
- termination
What do you addd to samples when testing blood?
-add the potentiater anti human glubulin
Blood product
Blood component
Plasma derivative
component - blood product manufactured from a signle donation into multiple donations e.g red cells, platelets
Plasma derivative - blood product manufactured from a large pool of plasma donations
what are some things blood is tested for in NZ?
ABO, RHD blood type
hep B surface antigen
hep C antibody
If time look at rest of lecture 3
if time
what does erythropoietin stimulate?
colony forming units
What are 5 things that impact oxygen delivery to the kidney
atmospheric 02 02 dissociation curve cardiopulmonary funcition haemoglobin conc renal circulation
effects of erythropoietin
- what receptors does it act through?
- what does it do?
acts through specific epo receptor to increase rbc production (in the bone marrow)
- stimulation throuh BFU-E and CFU-E
- increased haemoglobin synthesis
- reduced rbc maturation time
- increased reticulocyte release
Overall results in increased haemoglobin and therefore increased oxygen delivery
Things influencing normal reticulocyte response
- Marrow disease
- low iron, folate, b12 deficiencey
- lack erythropotein (renal disease)
- inefficient erythropoesis e.g thalasmemia
- chronic inflammation
Breakdown of red blood cells
- where
- where does iron and billirubin go?
-cells are removed in spleen
break down of rbcs, then have release of haemoglobin
-iron is reused , and bilirubin goes into the bile
What are the two Physiological classification of anaemia?
what are they caused by?
Why do you sometimes get jaundice with haemolysis
Ineffective production
- Deficiency of substances essential for red cell production - iron, b12, folate
- genetic defect in production e.g thalassaemia
- failure of bone marrow - e.g leukaemia ect.
Impaired red cell survival
- blood loss e.g surgery, trauma
- Haemolysis - destruction of rbcs (sometiems see jaundice - in eyes- haem broekn down, more bilirubin )
When classificying anaemie with Morphologic approach,
what are some measurements that are used ?
Haemoglobin - g/L
Red cell count
Haematocrit (packed cell volume)
Red cell absolute values - mean cell volume, mean cell hb conc
other helpful investigations
- WBC, platelet count
- Reticulocyte count
- examination of blood film
- bone marrow examination
What do the cells look like with microcytic anaemia
pale, smaller cells
