Lecture 37 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 main functions of kidneys

A

Fluid and ion homeostasis
Waste excretion
Drug removal
Hormone production
Glucose synthesis

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2
Q

what percentage of cardiac output enters kidney

A

20%

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3
Q

what is The Nephron

A

Functional unit of the kidney; where fluid control occurs

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4
Q

what are the parts of the nephron

A

Renal corpuscle:
Made of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

Tubule:
Proximal
descending/ascending Loop of Henle
Distal
Collecting duct

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5
Q

The Pathway of Filtration through Nephrons

A

Renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct

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6
Q

Renal blood supply pathway

A

Renal Artery
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerulus (i.e., capillaries)
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular Capillaries Or Vasa Recta
Venules
Renal Vein

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7
Q

what are the two types of nephron

A

Cortical and Juxtamedullary nephrons

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8
Q

how is the Type of nephron is dictated

A

by the length of the Loop of Henle

Cortical nephrons:
Located in outer ⅔ of cortex
80%

Juxtamedullary nephrons:
Located in inner ⅓ of cortex
Long Loop of Henle
Produce concentrated urine
20%

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9
Q

3 Critical Functions of Nephrons

A

Filtration: The first function of nephrons is to filter blood plasma. The glomerulus, a cluster of blood vessels, filters blood through a semipermeable membrane, which allows water, ions, and small molecules to pass through but prevents larger molecules like proteins from passing through. The filtered blood enters the Bowman’s capsule and forms a filtrate, which contains water, glucose, salts, and waste products.

Reabsorption: The second function of nephrons is to reabsorb useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood. The filtrate passes through a series of tubules where various substances like glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes are reabsorbed into the blood. This process helps maintain the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance.

Secretion: The third function of nephrons is to secrete waste products and excess ions into the filtrate. Substances like creatinine, urea, and excess ions like potassium and hydrogen are secreted from the blood into the filtrate to be excreted from the body in urine. This process helps regulate the body’s acid-base balance and removes waste products from the body.

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9
Q

3 Critical Functions of Nephrons

A

Filtration: The first function of nephrons is to filter blood plasma. The glomerulus, a cluster of blood vessels, filters blood through a semipermeable membrane, which allows water, ions, and small molecules to pass through but prevents larger molecules like proteins from passing through. The filtered blood enters the Bowman’s capsule and forms a filtrate, which contains water, glucose, salts, and waste products.

Reabsorption: The second function of nephrons is to reabsorb useful substances from the filtrate back into the blood. The filtrate passes through a series of tubules where various substances like glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes are reabsorbed into the blood. This process helps maintain the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance.

Secretion: The third function of nephrons is to secrete waste products and excess ions into the filtrate. Substances like creatinine, urea, and excess ions like potassium and hydrogen are secreted from the blood into the filtrate to be excreted from the body in urine. This process helps regulate the body’s acid-base balance and removes waste products from the body.

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10
Q

The pathway for glomerular filtration

A

Movement of filtrate

Through the pores between endothelial cells

Through the basement
membrane matrix

Through the
podocyte filtration slits

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