Lab 1 Flashcards
what is eupnea
Eupnea is a medical term used to describe normal, unlabored breathing at rest.
the diaphragm and intercostal muscles regulate thoracic volume to control the flow of air into and out of the lungs.
what is Dyspnea
a condition of labored breathing, occurs when air passages are obstructed or lung/chest wall elasticity is compromised.
What do you think happens to VT, ERV, IRV and TLC during exercise?
As the body’s oxygen demands increase during exercise, VT typically increases to help meet this demand. This is because increased ventilation is necessary to bring in more oxygen and eliminate excess carbon dioxide
ERV and IRV may also decrease during exercise, as the body prioritizes getting rid of excess carbon dioxide and may not need to fully exhale or inhale to the same extent as during rest.
TLC may also increase during exercise, as the lungs may expand further to accommodate the increased ventilation needed to support physical activity. This expansion may occur through an increase in both inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, as well as a potential increase in residual volume.
Overall, during exercise, there is an increase in ventilation and a shift towards deeper, more rapid breathing to meet the body’s increased oxygen demands. This can result in changes in lung volumes and capacities, including an increase in VT and TLC, and a potential decrease in ERV and IRV.
Distinguish between obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. How would you tell whether a person is afflicted with either of these conditions? Did the values you measured for the normal, obstructive, and restrictive trials conform to the differences you expected?
Obstructive pulmonary diseases are characterized by an obstruction or narrowing of the airways, which makes it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. Examples of obstructive pulmonary diseases include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis.
estrictive pulmonary diseases are characterized by a reduction in lung expansion, which makes it difficult to inhale air into the lungs. Examples of restrictive pulmonary diseases include pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and scoliosis.
Do you think that ventilation becomes a limiting factor during exercise in healthy individuals? Explain.
However, in some cases, ventilation can become a limiting factor during exercise in healthy individuals. This can occur when the body’s demand for oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide outpace the ability of the respiratory system to keep up with the increased ventilation needed to maintain adequate oxygenation and eliminate excess carbon dioxide.
This can lead to a feeling of breathlessness, fatigue, and a decrease in exercise performance. Factors that can contribute to ventilation becoming a limiting factor during exercise in healthy individuals include high altitude, extreme temperatures, or a high level of air pollution.
Overall, while ventilation is not usually a limiting factor in healthy individuals during moderate exercise, it can become a limiting factor during intense or prolonged exercise, especially under certain environmental conditions.
