Airways resistance Topic 5 – Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what is airway resistance?

A

Airway resistance refers to the opposition to airflow in the respiratory system, specifically in the airways or bronchial tubes.

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2
Q

what is the formula for Airway Resistance

A

F= change in P/R

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3
Q

Airway resistance is normally very….

A

low

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4
Q

Airway resistance is dependent on numerous variables:

A

tube length (fixed)
interactions between gas molecules (variable)
airway radius (regulated)

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5
Q

what Physical Factors influence Airway Resistance

A

transpulmonary pressure
Pressure can affect resistance and flow

mucous accumulation
Can decrease the diameter of airway

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6
Q

what Neurological Factors influence Airway Resistance

A

parasympathetic (acetylcholine) constricts (↓ radius)

Epinepherine = dilates

histamine = constricts (allergic reactions)

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7
Q

how does Epinepherine work

A

Epinepherine works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily

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8
Q

what are the two OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES airway diseases

A

Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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9
Q

what is asthma

A

inflammation of the airways

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10
Q

asthma is hyperresponsiveness to certain triggers like

A

exercise
smoke
Pollutants

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11
Q

how is Asthma treated

A

anti-inflammatory drugs
leukotriene inhibitors
Bronchodilators

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12
Q

what are leukotriene inhibitors

A

medications that block the effect of leukotrienes or stop your body from producing them. These drugs are used to prevent or lessen the symptoms of: Allergies (allergic rhinitis). Allergic asthma

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13
Q

what do Bronchodilators do

A

relax the airways
mimic epinepherine (often beta-2 agonists)
inhibit acetylcholine

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14
Q

what is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

cause the airways to narrow and the lungs to lose elasticity, making it difficult to empty air from the lungs

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15
Q

what are the Two different types of COPD(often interrelated)

A

Emphysema
chronic bronchitis

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16
Q

what is Emphysema

A

destruction and collapse of smaller airways and also the pulmonary vascular system

17
Q

what is chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic inflammation of airways
excessive mucous production in smaller airways

18
Q

do the same agents cause both emphysema and chronic bronchitis?

A

yes

19
Q

what is the main cause of COPD and is thought to be responsible for around 9 in every 10 cases.

A

smoking

20
Q

what is the goal of treatments for both COPD and asthma

A

trying to decrease airway resistance, but its not always the same effect in both

21
Q

Asthma and COPD result in

A

increased airway resistance
decreased air flow rate

Increased work of breathing
Compromise gas exchange
Impaired oxygenation of blood