Lecture 36 - Coordinating Metabolism: Obesity Flashcards
What is obesity?
A chronic complex disease defined by excessive
fat deposits that can impair health.
What does obesity influence?
Quality of living, such as sleeping, moving and
can have a negative impact on mental health.
What does obesity increase the risk of?
Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, impaired reproduction, liver and gall bladder disease, respiratory disorders and certain cancers.
New Zealand has the …. highest rate of adult obesity
Third
What are some potential ways of achieving weight loss?
- Reducing energy intake
- Increasing activities
- Increasing basal metabolism
What are some ways of reducing energy intake?
Calorie restriction, low fat diet, low carb diet, blocking
fat absorption (Xenical).
Why may diet weight loss be difficult to maintain?
The body resets to a lower basal metabolic rate
What are ketogenic diets?
Diets restricted in carbs
What do ketogenic diets promote?
The use of body fat and ketosis
What do ketogenic diets do to insulin secretion?
Reduce it
What do ketogenic diets do to your appetite?
Reduce appetite because proteins make you feel more full
What do keto diets based on saturated fats do?
Increase LDL levels
What is Xenical?
a pancreatic lipase inhibitor that reduces fat absorption , was heavily marketed for weight loss.
Why was Xenical not a favourable drug?
Due to moderate weight loss in trials and many side-effects
i.e. leakage, gas and fatty stools.
What are ways that basal metabolic rate can be increased?
- Increasing muscle mass because muscle is more metabolically active than fat and burns more ATP at rest.
- Uncouplers i.e. substances that uncouple OxPhos in the mitochondria, causing energy to be released as heat rather than generating ATP
