Lecture 3 - Introduction to Proteins

Question 1

What are proteins described as?

Answer 1

The workhorses of the cell

Question 2

What are proteins and what do they form

Answer 2

Non-branching polymers that form macromolecules (50 - 100A in size)

Question 3

What is 1A

Answer 3

10^-10 m

Question 4

What is each protein composed of?

Answer 4

A specific sequence of amino acids joined together by chemical bonds called peptide bonds

Question 5

What is unique to each protein?

Answer 5

The sequence of amino acids and the length of the sequence

Question 6

How many different amino acids make proteins?

Answer 6

20

Question 7

How is protein structure determined?

Answer 7

By protein crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy

Question 8

What are the ways of depicting chemical structure?

Answer 8

Skeletal, Ball and Stick, Space-filling

Question 9

What are considered enzymes?

Answer 9

Proteins with the -ase suffix

Question 10

What is insulin?

Answer 10

A cell signalling hormone

Question 11

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 11

After a meal, insulin is generated and binds to the insulin receptor to signal cells to take up glucose

Question 12

What is Trypsin involved in

Answer 12

Digestion

Question 13

How does Trypsin work

Answer 13

Breaks down proteins during digestion.

Question 14

What are enzymes that break down proteins called

Answer 14

Proteases.

Question 15

What do viruses and bacteria do

Answer 15

Make proteins, like proteases too.

Question 16

What does HIV do?

Answer 16

Makes a protease (HIV Protease) which is essential for its replication. Treatment can inhibit it

Question 17

What is amylase involved in?

Answer 17

Digestion

Question 18

What is the function of amylase?

Answer 18

To break down starch into sugars

Question 19

Where is amylase found?

Answer 19

In the saliva as well as pancreatic juices

Question 20

What is alcohol dehydrogenase involved in?

Answer 20

Metabolism

Question 21

What is the function of alcohol dehydrogenase?

Answer 21

Helps metabolise ethanol

Question 22

What is hexokinase involved in?

Answer 22

metabolism

Question 23

What is the function of hexokinase?

Answer 23

Adding a phosphate to glucose, after glucose has been taken up by the cell

Question 24

What are kinases?

Answer 24

Enzymes that usually add phosphate groups to molecules

Question 25

What is haemoglobin involved in?

Answer 25

Oxygen transport - metabolism

Question 26

What is the function of ATP synthase and where is it found

Answer 26

Generates ATP, Found on the cells membrane

Question 27

What are antibodies involved in?

Answer 27

Immune protection

Question 28

What do antibodies do?

Answer 28

Bind to cellular invaders like bacteria and viruses to help protect the body from infection

Question 29

What does SARS-CoV2 bind to?

Answer 29

ACE2 receptor

Question 30

What can therapeutic antibody fragments do?

Answer 30

Block SARS-CoV2 from binding to the ACE receptor

Question 31

What is DNA and RNA polymerase involved in?

Answer 31

Replication and maintenance

Question 32

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Answer 32

DNA polymerase binds to one strand of DNA and adds the complementary strand to it

Question 33

What is the function of RNA Polymerase?

Answer 33

RNA Polymerase creates a single strand of RNA that is complementary to one of the strands of DNA

Question 34

What are contained in cells?

Answer 34

Proteins, Lipids, and nucleic acids.