Lecture 36 Flashcards
What is obesity?
Classified as a BMI > 30
How do you calculate BMI?
Weight / Height^2
What is the energy intake formula?
E in = E expended + E stored
What is E expended?
Basal metabolism and activities
What is energy stored?
Weight gain
Can weight loss be achieved by reducing energy intake i.e. dieting?
Initially yes, but difficult to maintain as the body resets to a lower basal metabolism
What is a ketogenic diet?
Diets that restrict carbohydrates and promote the use of body fat and ketosis. This reduces insulin secretion and appetite
What does the keto diet increase?
LDL levels
What is xenical?
A pancreatic lipase inhibitor that was marketed for weight loss by reducing fat absorption - had bad side effects
Can weight loss be achieved by increasing energy expending i.e. exercise?
Yes, however using energy increases appetite, often eliminating benefits
Can weight loss be achieved by increasing basal metabolism?
Yes, through increased muscle mass as it is more metabolically active than fat and burns more ATP at rest.
What additional factors can control your appetite?
Hormones
What hormones reduce apetite?
Leptin from adipose and GLP-1 from the gut
What hormones increase appetite?
Ghrelin from the stomach
What does leptin deficiency cause?
Obesity from overeating due to reduced signalling to reduce appetite. Leptin injections can be used in those with deficiency to treat the obesity, however not in those with normal leptin levels
