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BIOC192 2024 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Are proteins branching or non-branching

A

Non-branching

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2
Q

Are proteins polymeric or non-polymeric?

A

polymeric

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3
Q

How large is 1Å?

A

10^-10m

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4
Q

How many Å is one protein macromolecule?

A

50 - 100 Å

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5
Q

What are the protein building blocks?

A

amino acids

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6
Q

What chemical bonds bind the amino acids together?

A

peptide bonds

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7
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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8
Q

What are the three techniques used to determine protein structure?

A
  1. protein crystallography
  2. cryo-electron microscopy
  3. NMR spectroscopy
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9
Q

What are the different ways of depicting chemical structure?

A

Skeletal, ball and stick, space-filling

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10
Q

What type of protein is insulin?

A

Cell signalling - Hormone

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11
Q

What is Trypsin?

A

An enzyme and type of protease that breaks down proteins spesifically during digestion

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12
Q

What are proteases?

A

Enzymes that breakdown proteins

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13
Q

What is amylase?

A

An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars

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14
Q

What is alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

An enzyme that helps metabolise ethanol.

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15
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Catalyse biochemical reactions

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16
Q

What is Hexokinase?

A

An enzyme that adds a phosphate to glucose after glucose is taken up by the cell

17
Q

What are kinases?

A

Enzymes that usually add phosphate to molecules

18
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin?

A

It binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it in the blood to tissue for use in metabolism

19
Q

What is HIV protease?

A

A protein made by the HIV virus that is involved in its replication

20
Q

What is ATP synthase?

A

A membrane-bound protein that generates ATP from ADP for cellular functions

21
Q

What is an antibody?

A

A type of protein that binds to antigens to help the body eliminate infection

22
Q

What is the SARS-CoV2 spike protein?

A

The protein on the virus that binds to the ACE2 receptor on target cells, causing infection

23
Q

What is DNA polymerase?

A

A protein that binds to one stand of DNA and adds the complementary strand to it

24
Q

What is RNA polymerase?

A

A protein that creates a single strand of RNA that is complementary to one of the strands of duplex DNA

25
Q

What does the cells cytosol consist of?

A

Proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. E.g. Ribosomes, enzymes and RNA

BIOC192 2024 (25 decks)

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