Lecture 3 Flashcards
Are proteins branching or non-branching
Non-branching
Are proteins polymeric or non-polymeric?
polymeric
How large is 1Å?
10^-10m
How many Å is one protein macromolecule?
50 - 100 Å
What are the protein building blocks?
amino acids
What chemical bonds bind the amino acids together?
peptide bonds
How many amino acids are there?
20
What are the three techniques used to determine protein structure?
- protein crystallography
- cryo-electron microscopy
- NMR spectroscopy
What are the different ways of depicting chemical structure?
Skeletal, ball and stick, space-filling
What type of protein is insulin?
Cell signalling - Hormone
What is Trypsin?
An enzyme and type of protease that breaks down proteins spesifically during digestion
What are proteases?
Enzymes that breakdown proteins
What is amylase?
An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars
What is alcohol dehydrogenase?
An enzyme that helps metabolise ethanol.
What do enzymes do?
Catalyse biochemical reactions
What is Hexokinase?
An enzyme that adds a phosphate to glucose after glucose is taken up by the cell
What are kinases?
Enzymes that usually add phosphate to molecules
What is the function of hemoglobin?
It binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it in the blood to tissue for use in metabolism
What is HIV protease?
A protein made by the HIV virus that is involved in its replication
What is ATP synthase?
A membrane-bound protein that generates ATP from ADP for cellular functions
What is an antibody?
A type of protein that binds to antigens to help the body eliminate infection
What is the SARS-CoV2 spike protein?
The protein on the virus that binds to the ACE2 receptor on target cells, causing infection
What is DNA polymerase?
A protein that binds to one stand of DNA and adds the complementary strand to it
What is RNA polymerase?
A protein that creates a single strand of RNA that is complementary to one of the strands of duplex DNA
