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HN > Lecture 3.5 Neck muscles and fascia > Flashcards

Lecture 3.5 Neck muscles and fascia Flashcards

1
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia contain?

A

Subcutaneous tissue and platysma muscle

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2
Q

What does the deep cervical fascia contain?

A

Investing fascia, pretrachial fascia, prevertebral fascia, carotid sheath

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3
Q

What does the investing fascia envelop?

A

The entire neck

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4
Q

Which fascia layer envelopes the trapezius and SCM muscles?

A

Investing fascia. It splits to surround these muscles on all sides

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5
Q

Which glands are superiorly encapsulated by the investing fascia?

A

parotid and submandibular glands

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6
Q

Does the pretrachial fascia envelop muscles?

A

No, it continues with the buccopharyngeal fascia superiorly and descends to mediasteinum

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7
Q

What does the prevertebral fascia envelop?

A

Vertebrae and muscles

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8
Q

Which fascia layers contribute to the carotid sheath?

A

The three layers of the deep fascia: investing, pretrachial, prevertebral fascias

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9
Q

What muscle divides the posterior and anterior triangles of the neck?

A

SCM

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10
Q

What fascia layers and/or muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Prevertebral fascia.

Splenius capitis muscle
Levator scapulae
Scalenes (Posterior, Middle, Anterior)

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11
Q

Which muscles divides the posterior triangle into two triangles? What are the names of these two triangles?

A

Omohyoid (inferior belly).
Occipital triangle
Suprascapular

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12
Q

What are the three muscles of the occipital triangle borders? Suprascapular triangle borders?

A

SCM, Trapezius, Omohyoid.

Omohyoid, SCM, Clavicle

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13
Q

What structures make up the roofs of the posterior and anterior triangles?

A

Skin, superficial fascia with platysma muscle and deep investing fascia

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14
Q

What makes up the floor of the anterior triangle?

A

Pharynx, larynx, thyroid

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15
Q

What are the four subtriangles of the anterior triangle?

A

Submental, submandibular, carotid, muscular triangles

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16
Q

Which anterior triangle is singular (not paired)? What are its boundaries?

A

Submental triangle down the midline of the chin.

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle on each side and they hyoid bone inferiorly.

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17
Q

Which triangle is bounded by both bellies of the digastric muscle and the inferior border of the mandible?

A

Submandibular triangle

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18
Q

Which triangle is bounded by the SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and the posterior border of the digastric?

A

Carotid triangle

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19
Q

Which muscles form the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and the sternohyoid

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20
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Anterior and Posterior bellies of digastric
Mylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Geniohyoid
Stylohoid (stradles digastric at its tendon)

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21
Q

What are the general actions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Lift up larynx and hyoid in swallowing and speaking

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22
Q

What are the general actions of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Pulling down hyoid and larynx

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23
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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24
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles of the neck?

A

Longus colli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

25
Q

Where does the platysma muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Superficial fascia of deltoid and pectoral regions.

Inferior border of mandible, some blend with risorius (a muscle of facial expression)

26
Q

What is the action of the platysma muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Stretches tight the skin of the neck, depresses mandible.

VII

27
Q

Where does the SCM muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Manubrium and medial third of clavicle.

Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

28
Q

What is the action of the SCM muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Bilaterally: Flexes neck
Individually: draws head to shoulder, turns face to opposite side.
CN XI, and C2, C3

29
Q

Where does the trapezius muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Spines of all thoracic and cervical vertebrae, ligamentum nuchae, inion, superior nuchal line.
Inserts: Scapula, clavicle

30
Q

What is the action of the trapezius muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A 
Bilateral: extends head
Individually: Tilts chin to opposite side
Rotates and adducts scapula
Elevates scapula and clavicle
XI and C3, C4
31
Q

Where does the splenius capitis muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Ligamentum nuchae, lower cervical spines.

Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

32
Q

What is the action of the splenius capitis muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Bilateral: extends head
Individually: flexes head laterally, rotates head to ipsilateral side
Nerve: segmented dorsal rami of cervical nerves

33
Q

Where does the levator scapulae muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Transverse processes of four upper cervical vertebrae.

Scapula

34
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Elevates and rotates scapula.

Dorsal scapular nerve

35
Q

Where do the scalene muscles originate? Where do they insert?

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.
Posterior scalene inserts on second rib
Middle and Anterior insert on first rib

36
Q

What are the actions of the scalene muscles? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Bilateral: flexes neck;
Individually: flexes neck laterally
Also along with SCM aid in forced inspiration by elevating the ribs and sternum
Innervation: Posterior/Anterior Scalenes - ventral root of C5 to C8
Middle scalene: ventral roots of C3, C4

37
Q

Where does the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Scapula

Intermediate tendon

38
Q

Where does the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Intermediate tendon

Hyoid

39
Q

What is the action of the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles? Which nerve innervates them?

A

Depresses hyoid and larynx

Ansa cervicalis

40
Q

Where do the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles originate? Where does it insert?

A

Manubrium

Insertion: hyoid, thyroid cartilage - respectively

41
Q

What is the action of the sternothyroid muscle? Which nerve innervates them?

A

Depresses larynx

Ansa cervicalis

42
Q

Where does the thyrohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Thyroid cartilage

Hyoid

43
Q

What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates them?

A

Depresses hyoid

Thyrohyoid branch from C1 that hitchhikes on XII

44
Q

Where does the posterior belly of the digastric muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Temporal bone

Intermediate tendon

45
Q

Where does the inferior belly of the digastric muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Intermediate tendon

Digastric fossa of mandible

46
Q

What is the action of the posterior/inferior bellies of the digastric muscle? Which nerve innervates them?

A

Raise and elevate hyoid
Posterior belly: VII
Anterior belly: V3

47
Q

Where does the myloyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible

Hyoid bone

48
Q

What are the actions of the mylohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Elevate hyoid bone, base of tongue, and floor of mouth

V3

49
Q

Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Genial tubercle of mandible

Hyoid

50
Q

What are the actions of the geniohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Elevates and protracts hyoid bone

Ventral root of C1

51
Q

Where does the stylohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Styloid process

Hyoid bone

52
Q

What is the action of the stylohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Elevates hyoid

VII

53
Q

Where does the longus coli muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Transverse process C3-C5.

Atlas and Bodies of T1-T3

54
Q

What is the action of the longus coli muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Flex neck and head.

C2-C8

55
Q

Where does the longus capitis muscle originate? Where does it insert?

A

Anterior tubercles of C3-C6

Base of skull

56
Q

What is the action of the longus capitis muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Flex head

C1-C4

57
Q

Where do the rectus capitis anterior/lateral muscles originate? Where do they insert?

A

Atlas

Occipital

58
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitis anterior and lateral muscles? Which nerve innervates them?

A

Flex head

C1-C2

HN (10 decks)

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