Lecture 3 Cranial Nerves and Autonomics Flashcards
What are the three CN that are only special sensory?
I, II, VIII
Which four CN are only somatic motor, except one that also provides parasympathetic innervation? Which one also provides parasympathetic?
III, IV, VI, XII
III
Which four CN provide parasympathetic innervation?
III, VII, IX, X
Which five CN provide branchial motor innervation?
V, VII, IX, X, XI
Which four CN provide general sensory innervation?
V, VII, IX, X
Which six CN provide special sensory innervation? Of these, which three are exclusively special sensory?
I, II, VII, VIII, IX, X
I, II, VIII
Which two CN provide visceral sensory innervation?
IX, X
Which four CN provide somatic motors innervation?
III, IV, VI, XII
Which two CN provide visceral, general, and special sensory innervation? Which CN provides general and special sensory, but not visceral sensory?
IX, X
VII
Which two branchial CN provide all five types of innervation? Which CN doesn’t provide visceral sensory innervation, but has the remaining four types of innervation?
IX, X
VII
Which CN innervates structures for smell? What type of innervation is it?
I
Special Sensory
Which CN innervates structures for vision? What type of innervation is it?
II
Special Sensory
Which CN innervates all extraocular eye muscles except two? What type of innervation is it?
III
Somatic motor
Which CN innervates muscles around the lens of the eye? What type of innervation is it?
III
Parasympathetic
Which CN innervates only one eye muscle, the superior oblique? What type of innervation is it?
IV
Somatic motor
Which CN innervates muscles of mastication and a few others? What type of innervation is it?
V
Branchial motor
Which CN innervates sensory structures to practically all of the head? What type of innervation is it?
V
General sensory
Which CN innervates only one eye muscles, the lateral rectus? What type of innervation is it?
VI
Somatic motor
Which CN innervates muscles of facial expression and three others? What type of innervation is it?
VII
Branchial motor
Which CN innervates all glands of the head, except the parotid gland and glands of the skin? What type of innervation is it?
VII
Parasympathetic
Which CN innervates a small area of the ear and the external auditory meatus? What type of innervation is it?
VII
General sensory
Which CN innervates for taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue and (soft) palate? What type of innervation is it?
VII
Special sensory
Which CN innervates structures for hearing and balance? What type of innervation is it?
VIII
Special sensory
Which CN innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle? What type of innervation is it?
IX
Branchial motor
Which CN innervates the parotid gland? What type of innervation is it?
IX
Parasympathetic
Which CN innervates the carotid body/sinus? What type of innervation is it?
IX
Visceral sensory
Which CN innervates the pharynx, middle ear, posterior 1/3 of tongue? What type of innervation is it?
IX
General sensory
Which CN innervates for taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? What type of innervation is it?
IX
Special sensory
Which CN innervates the pharynx, larynx, and soft palate? What type of innervation is it?
X
Branchial motor
Which CN innervates the smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen? What type of innervation is it?
X
Parasympathetic
Which CN innervates structures for visceral sensation from thorax and abdomen? What type of innervation is it?
X
Visceral sensory
Which CN innervates a small area of the ear and tympanic membrane, dura mater of posterior cranial fossa, and larynx? What type of innervation is it?
X
General sensory
Which CN innervates for taste in the epiglottis? What type of innervation is it?
X
Special sensory
Which CN innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles? What type of innervation is it?
XI
Branchial motor
Which CN innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, except the palatoglossus muslce What type of innervation is it?
XII
Somatic motor
What are the four special senses involved with the CN?
Smell, Vision, Taste, Hearing
Which three CN are involved in providing innervation for taste?
VII, IX, X
What are the two types of ganglia involved with cranial nerves?
Sensory and Autonomic (motor)
Is the trigeminal gangliona 1st order or 2nd order neuron?
1st order.
Where must the cell body of a lower motor neuron (LMN) be? Where is the upper motor neuron (UMN)?
In the CNS. In the motor cortex also in the CNS.
T/F The preganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system is the LMN
True
What is another name for a visceral motor neuron?
Parasympathetic
Which CN are go through the cavernous sinus? Which of these CN is deeper than the rest?
III, IV, V(V1, V2, not V3), VI.
VI
What muscles does the CN XI innervate?
Trapezius and SCM
CN XII innervates all muscles of the tongue except one. Which one? Which CN innervates this exceptional muscle?
Palatoglossus.
X
All three divisions of CN V are general sensory but only one is also branchial motor? Which one is branchial motor?
V3
Which CN supply the dura mater?
Primarily meningeal branches of V, X, and some XII
How many branches does V2 have in the pterygopalatine fossa? What are they?
7 PSA Zygomatic Greater Palatine Lesser Palatine Nasopalatine Posterior lateral nasal Pharyngeal
What are the two branches V2 in the infraorbital canal?
MSA
ASA
What are the three terminal branches of V2?
Inferior palpebral
Lateral nasal
Superior labial
Where does V3 have most of its branches?
Infratemporal fossa
What are the five branches of V3 in the infratemporal fossa?
Recurrent meningeal (Long) Buccal Auriculotemporal Lingual IA
What are the three branches of VII in the facial canal?
Chorda tympani
Nerve to stapedius musce in the middle ear
Greater petrosal
What are the five terminal branches of CN VII?
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical Mnemonic: To Zanzibar By Motor Car
What is the VII branch that innervates maxillary structures? How does CN VII get to its final maxillary destinations?
Greater Petrosal Nerve.
By hitchhiking on branches of V2
What is the VII branch that innervates mandibular structures? How does CN VII get to its final mandibular destinations?
Chorda Tympani.
By hitchhiking on branches of V3
Where do the branchial motor branches of CN VII emerge?
Some Inside facial canal Nerve to stapedius muscle.
Most in stylomastoid foramen
What nerves do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII take from inside the facial canal?
Greater petrosal and Chorda tympani
What nerve joins the greater petrosal to form the nerve of pterygoid canal? Where does the pterygoid canal go?
Deep petrosal (from internal carotid plexus) Goes to pterygopalatine fossa
How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the lacrimal gland from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Hitchhike with zygomatic nerve of V2, then hitchhike further with the lacrimal nerve of V1 to the final destination (lacrimal gland)
How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the mucus glands of the nose and palate from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Hitchhike with the nasopalatine nerve of V2
How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
From facial canal they take the greater petrosal nerve and join the Deep petrosal nerve to form the
nerve of pterygoid canal, which goes to the pterygopalatine fossa.
How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the infratemporal fossa?
From facial canal take the chorda tympani thru middle ear and emerge from the petrotympanic fissure into the infratempral fossa
How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get from the infratemporal fossa to the submandibular ganglion?
Hitchhikes with ligual nerve of V3
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII go from the submandibular ganglion?
To the sublingual and submandibular glands
Where do the general sensory fibers of CN VII go? Where do they exit the facial canal?
Some small areas in and round the ear.
Stylomastoid foramen
Where are the cell bodies of the general and special sensory of CN VII?
geniculate ganglion inside the internal acoustic meatus
Where do the special sensory fibers of CN VII go? Where do they exit the facial canal?
Anterior 2/3 of tongue.
Exit the facial canal into the middle ear
What nerve do the special sensory fibers of CN VII take into the middle ear?
Chorda tympani
Where does the chorda tympani exit the middle ear?
Petrotympanic fissure into the infratemporal fossa
How do the special sensory fibers of CN VII get from the chorda tympani in the infratemporal fossa to the tongue?
Hitchhikes with the lingual nerve of V3
What are the two pathways that IX nerve fibers reach its denstinationstions?
Jugular foramen Middle ear (after exiting from jugular f.)
Where do all nerve fibers of IX exit the cranial cavity?
Jugular foramen
Where do the branchial motor fibers of IX go?
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Where do all three types of sensory fibers of IX go after exiting the jugular foramen? Where are their cell bodies?
Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia. The cell bodies are in these ganglia
Where do the general sensory fibers of IX go from the Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia? Where else do the general sensory fibers of IX go and how do they get there?
Posterior 1/3 of tongue and pharynx.
Middle ear thru the tympanic canal into middle ear
Where do the visceral sensory fibers of IX go from the Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia?
Carotid body and carotid sinus
Where do the special sensory fibers of IX go from the Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia?
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue for taste
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of IX go after exiting the jugular foramen?
Takes the tympanic nerve thru the tympanic canal into middle ear
What happens to the parasympathetic fibers of IX after they enter the middle ear via the tympanic nerve?
They form the tympanic plexus
What happens to the parasympathetic fibers of IX after they leave the tympanic plexus?
The leave the tympanic plexus and middle ear by the lesser petrosal nerve
What happens to the parasympathetic fibers of IX after they leave the middle ear via the lesser petrosal nerve?
The go through the foramen ovale into the infratemporal fossa
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of IX after entering into the infratemporal fossa?
The otic ganglion
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of IX go after synapsing in the otic ganglion?
Leave the otic ganglion and hitchhike with the auriculotemporal nerve of V3 and continue to the parotid gland
Where do the branchial motor muscles of the X go?
Out of the jugular foramen to muscles of the pharynx, palate, and larynx
Which muscles of the pharynx does X innervate?
All except except stylopharungeus (IX).
Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Which muscles of the palate does X innervate?
All except tensor veli palatini - V3
Levator veli palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Which muscles of the larynx does X innervate?
All of them
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of X innervate?
Smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen up to left colic flexure (splenic flexure)
Do the parasympathetic fibers of X synapse in any ganglia in the head and neck region?
No. Instead they synapse on or near the target organ
What do the general sensory fibers of X innervate?
Dura of posterior cranial fossa, small areas around the ear and tympanic membrane, and larynx
What do the visceral sensory fibers of X innervate?
Thorax and abdomen
What do the special sensory fibers of X innervate?
Epiglottis for taste
Where do all three sensory fiber types of X have their cell bodies?
Superior and inferior vagal ganglion
What are the three ganglia in the cervical region that are the extension of the sympathetic chain from the thorax?
Inferior Cervical Ganglion (C7-C8)
Middle Cervical Ganglion (C5-C6)
Superior Cervical Ganglion (C1-C4)
How do the post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the head from their cervical synapse location?
They hitchhike on other nerves or blood vessels to reach structures in the head
