Exam II Prep Flashcards
Where do the muscles of facial expression originate? Where do they insert?
Bone or fascia.
Skin
What are the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue? Which CN provides for their innervation?
Superior Longitudinal, Inferior Longitudinal, Vertical, Transverse.
All inervated by CN XII
What are the four extrinsic muscle of the tongue? What CNs provide their innervation?
Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus, and Palatoglossus.
All are innervated by XII except Palatoglossus is innervated by X
What CN are derived from the first four branchial arches?
I - V, II- VII, III- IX, IV - X
What CN is derived from branchial arch IV and VI?
Vagus (X)
IV - Vagus (X) Superior Laryngeal
VI - Vagus (X) Recurrent Laryngeal
What skeletal structures are derived from the first branchial arch?
Incus, Malleus, Maxilla, Mandible, and Temporal bones
What skeletal structures are derived from the second branchial arch?
Stapes, Styloid process, Stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper portion of the hyoid
What skeletal structures are derived from the third branchial arch?
Greater horn and lower portion of the hyoid bone
What skeletal structures are derived from the fourth to sixth branchial arches?
Laryngeal cartilages (thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform)
What muscles are derived from the first branchial arch?
Mastication (MTML), mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor palatini, tensor tympani
The digastric muscle is derived from what two branchial arches?
I - anterior belly of digastric
II - posterior belly of digastric
What muscles are derived from the second branchial arch?
Facial expression (BAFPOO), posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
What muscles are derived from the third branchial arch?
Stylopharyngeus
What muscles are derived from the fourth to sixth branchial arches?
Cricothyroid, levator palitini, constrictors of pharynx.
Intrinsic muscles of larynx.
The pharynx and larynx muscles are derived from what branchial arch?
IV to VI
What are the derivatives of the first pharyngeal pouch?
Tympanic cavity and auditory tube
What are the derivatives of the second pharyngeal pouch?
Palatine tonsils and the tonsillar fossa
What are the derivatives of the third pharyngeal pouch?
Inferior parathyroid gland, Thymus
What are the derivatives of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?
Superior parathyroid gland, Ultimobrachial body (parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland)
Palatine tonsils are derived from which pharyngeal pouch?
Second pharyngeal pouch
What fossa does the chorda tympani enter on its way to innervate the submandibular gland?
Infratemporal
How do sympathetic fibers arrive at the submandibular gland?
From superior cervical ganglia hitch hike on facial and lingual arteries
Where does the lesser petrosal nerve originate? What types of fibers doe it carry from CN IX?
From tympanic plexus.
Parasympathetic
Arterial blood to the lower lip is supplied from what two spaces?
Infratemporal fossa (maxillary artery) and the neck (facial artery)
What fossae does the Maxillary artery go through?
Infratemporal and Pterygopalatal
Does the facial artery enter the infratemporal fossa?
No
What nerve innervates the depressor anguli oris muscle?
VII
What are the five facial expression muscles of the mouth?
Orbicularis oris, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris, Zygomaticus major, Risorius
What are the facial expression muscles of the lips?
Levator labii superioris and Depressor labii inferioris
What is the facial expression muscle of the cheek?
Buccinator
What is the facial expression muscle of the chin?
Mentalis
What is the facial expression muscle of the nose?
Nasalis
What is the facial expression muscle of the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
What is the origin and insertion of the buccinator?
Origin: (three locations) pterygomandibular raphe, buccal alveolar processes of maxilla and mandbible
Insertion: Upper and lower lips
Which muscles of facial expression act on the upper lip?
Orbicularis oris, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris, Zygomaticus major, Risorius, Levator labii superiori, and Buccinator
T/F The facial nerve runs through the stylomastoid foramen, parotid gland, and internal acoustic meatus
True
What CN provides sensory innervation to the face?
V
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial portion of the upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp?
Supratrochlear nerve (of V1)
What are the cutaneous branches of V1 on the face?
Lacrimal
Supraorbital and Supratrochlear (from frontal n, in orbit)
Infratrochlear (from nasociliary n. in orbit)
External nasal (from nasociliary–>anterior ethmoidal n.)
What are the cutaneous branches of V2 on the face?
Zygomatiofacial and Zygomaticotemporal (from zygomatic n. in zygomaticofacial foramen)
Infraorbital
Inferior palpebral, lateral nasal, superior labial (from infraorbital on face)
What are the cutaneous branches of V3 on the face?
Auriculotemporal, Buccal (directly from V3)
Mental (from inferior alveolar n.)
T/F The upper lip receives blood supply from branches of the maxillary and facial arteries
True
Which nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the parotid gland? Which CN supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Auriculotemporal (V3).
IX (thought the last portion hitchhikes in with the auriculotemporal nerve as well)
T/F Temporalis muscles pass deep to the zygomatic arch
True. They attach at the coronoid process of the mandible, deep to the zygomatic arch
How does unilateral action of the lateral pterygoid muscle move the mandible? Bilateral action of lateral pterygoid?
To the opposite side.
Protrudes and depresses mandible, pulls articular disk forward
T/F The lateral pterygoid muscle elevate the mandible
FALSE. The medial pterygoid does
Which muscles elevate the mandible?
Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid muscles
Which muscles attach to the angle or ramus of the mandible?
Masseter and Medial pterygoid
T/F The deep temporal artery arises from the superficial temporal artery
FALSE. It arises from the maxillary artery
T/F The superficial temporal artery arises within the parotid gland
True
What two muscles attach to the pterygomandibular raphe?
Buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor
In what space does the inferior alveolar artery branch?
Infratemporal fossa
In what space does the PSA originate?
Pterygopalatine fossa
Where do the MSA and ASA branches originate?
Infraoribital canal
Which nucleus receives information about touch from the face?
Pontine trigeminal
What CN are served by the Nucleus ambiguous?
IX and X for branchial motor
The geniculate ganglion contains the cell bodies of which CN?
VII
Where do pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN VII originate?
Superior Salivatory Nucleus
Where do pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN IX originate?
Inferior Salivatory Nucleus
Where do pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN X originate?
Dorsal Vagal Motor Nucleus
T/F The IA artery is posterior to the IA nerve
True
V3, besides giving motor innervation to the muscles of mastication, what other four muscles does V3 provide motor innervation to?
Tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior digastric
The pharyngeal canal (palatovaginal canal) connects what two spaces?
Pterygopalatine fossa and the nasopharynx
Which nerves innervate teeth?
PSA, MSA, ASA, IA (Mandibular Incisive nerve anteriorly)
T/F Both the nerves and arteries of the MSA and ASA branch inside the infraorbital canal.
True
Where do the frontal, maxillary and anterior/middle ethmoidal sinuses drain/open?
Middle meatus
What are two ways that arteries and nerves can enter the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine foramen and the Anterior/Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Blood supply to the nasal cavity comes from what areas?
- Pterygopalatine fossa (Maxillary branches
- Orbit (Internal Carotid–>Ophthalmic branches)
- Face (External Carotid–>Facial–>Ascending palatine or from Superior labial which ramifies on the nasal septum)
MAINLY the first TWO
T/F All sympathetic fibers in the head must be post-ganglionic fibers
True
What nerve innervates the stylopharygeus muscle? What nerve innervates the styloglossus muscle?
IX.
XII
Where does the lingual artery arise? Where does the lingual nerve arise?
From the external carotid in the neck.
From V3 in the infratemporal fossa
T/F The lingual artery lies deep to the hyoglossus
True
T/F The lingual nerve lies deep to the hyoglossus.
FALSE. It lies superficial to the hyoglossus muscle (between it and the submandibular gland)
What artery provide blood supply to the submandibular gland?
Glandular branches of the Facial artery
Where are the origins of the muscles that insert into the tongue?
Styloid process, Hyoid bone, Mandible, and Palatal aponeurosis
What muscles originate from the palatal aponeurosis? What muscle insert here?
Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeus, Musculus uvulae.
Insert: Levator veli palatini, Tensor veli palatini
T/F Damage to the hypoglossal nerve on the right side will cause the tongue to deviate to the right side (same side) during protrusion
True
What arteries provide blood supply to the submandibular gland?
Facial (via glandular and submental branches)
Does the submandibular gland receive blood supply from the lingual artery?
No
What arteries provide blood supply to the sublingual gland?
Facial (via Submental) and Lingual (via Sublingual)
What arteries provide blood supply to the parotid gland?
Maxillary and Superficial temporal arteries
T/F Tensor veli palatini wraps around the hamulus from its origin at the lateral aspect of the auditory tube, scaphoid and pterygoid
True
Where does levator veli palatini originate?
Base of auditory tube
Which three muscles depress the palate?
Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus and Palatoglossus
Blood supply going to the palate will pass through which fossae and foramina?
Infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, sphenopalatine foramen, greater/lesser foramen, incisive foramen
Will blood supply going to the palate pass through the infraorbital canal?
No
What CNs innervate palatal muscles?
X, except tensor veli palatini is innervated by V3
The palatopharyngeus muscle is innervated by what CN? The stylopharyngeus is innervated by what CN?
X.
IX.
What CN provides general sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?
V
CN VII provides general sensory innervation to what areas?
Small area of ear and EAM
CN IX provides general sensory innervation to what areas?
Pharynx, middle ear, posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN X provides general sensory innervation to what areas?
Dura mater of posterior cranial fossa, larynx, small area of ear and tympanic membrane
Which muscles elevate the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus
T/F The superior pharyngeal constrictor elevates the palate
FALSE. It constricts the pharynx during swallowing
What does the superior pharyngeal constrictor attach to?
Hamulus and pterygomandibular raphe to mandible then to pharyngeal tubercle and median raphe
What does the middle pharyngeal constrictor attach to?
Hyoid bone to median raphe
What does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor attach to?
Thyroid and cricoid cartilages to median raphe
T/F The inferior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the hyoid bone?
FALSE. The middle pharyngeal constrictor does
Where does the salpingopharyngeus muscle originate? Where does the levator levi palatini originate?
Auditory tube.
Base of the auditory tube
T/F Branches of the internal carotid supply blood to the pharynx.
FALSE. Branches of the external carotid, facial, subclavian, and maxillary do supply blood to the pharynx
Which space can potentially allow severe infection of the oral cavity to enter the superior mediastinum?
Retropharyngeal space
What are the five layers of the pharynx from the anterior to the posterior?
Mucous membrane, submucosa, fibrous pharyngobasilar fascia, muscular layer, buccopharyngeal fascia
What layer of the pharynx is continuous with pretrachial fascia?
Buccopharyngeal fascia
What two fascias surround the retropharyngeal space?
Pre-trachial and prevertebral fascias
Which space behind the pharynx is like an elevator shaft that can rapidly spread infection from teeth to the mediastinum?
Retropharyngeal space
T/F The Inferior Alveolar artery cannot supply blood to the area between the corner of the eye and commissure of the lips
True
Does the infratrochlear nerve emerge onto the face?
Yes, it emerges with the Dorsal Nasal artery
Between what two muscles do the IA and lingual nerves emerge?
Lateral and medial pterygoid
Which muscles can retrude the mandible?
Temporalis, Masseter (deep head)
Which muscles can protrude the mandible?
Masseter (superficial head), Medial pterygoid, Lateral pterygoid
Which muscles can elevate the mandible?
Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid (all but lateral pterygoid)
Which muscle of mastication cannot elevate the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid
