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HN > Exam II Prep > Flashcards

Exam II Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the muscles of facial expression originate? Where do they insert?

A

Bone or fascia.

Skin

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2
Q

What are the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue? Which CN provides for their innervation?

A

Superior Longitudinal, Inferior Longitudinal, Vertical, Transverse.
All inervated by CN XII

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3
Q

What are the four extrinsic muscle of the tongue? What CNs provide their innervation?

A

Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus, and Palatoglossus.

All are innervated by XII except Palatoglossus is innervated by X

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4
Q

What CN are derived from the first four branchial arches?

A

I - V, II- VII, III- IX, IV - X

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5
Q

What CN is derived from branchial arch IV and VI?

A

Vagus (X)
IV - Vagus (X) Superior Laryngeal
VI - Vagus (X) Recurrent Laryngeal

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6
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the first branchial arch?

A

Incus, Malleus, Maxilla, Mandible, and Temporal bones

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7
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the second branchial arch?

A

Stapes, Styloid process, Stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper portion of the hyoid

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8
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the third branchial arch?

A

Greater horn and lower portion of the hyoid bone

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9
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the fourth to sixth branchial arches?

A

Laryngeal cartilages (thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform)

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10
Q

What muscles are derived from the first branchial arch?

A

Mastication (MTML), mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor palatini, tensor tympani

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11
Q

The digastric muscle is derived from what two branchial arches?

A

I - anterior belly of digastric

II - posterior belly of digastric

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12
Q

What muscles are derived from the second branchial arch?

A

Facial expression (BAFPOO), posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius

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13
Q

What muscles are derived from the third branchial arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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14
Q

What muscles are derived from the fourth to sixth branchial arches?

A

Cricothyroid, levator palitini, constrictors of pharynx.

Intrinsic muscles of larynx.

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15
Q

The pharynx and larynx muscles are derived from what branchial arch?

A

IV to VI

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16
Q

What are the derivatives of the first pharyngeal pouch?

A

Tympanic cavity and auditory tube

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17
Q

What are the derivatives of the second pharyngeal pouch?

A

Palatine tonsils and the tonsillar fossa

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18
Q

What are the derivatives of the third pharyngeal pouch?

A

Inferior parathyroid gland, Thymus

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19
Q

What are the derivatives of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?

A

Superior parathyroid gland, Ultimobrachial body (parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland)

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20
Q

Palatine tonsils are derived from which pharyngeal pouch?

A

Second pharyngeal pouch

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21
Q

What fossa does the chorda tympani enter on its way to innervate the submandibular gland?

A

Infratemporal

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22
Q

How do sympathetic fibers arrive at the submandibular gland?

A

From superior cervical ganglia hitch hike on facial and lingual arteries

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23
Q

Where does the lesser petrosal nerve originate? What types of fibers doe it carry from CN IX?

A

From tympanic plexus.

Parasympathetic

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24
Q

Arterial blood to the lower lip is supplied from what two spaces?

A

Infratemporal fossa (maxillary artery) and the neck (facial artery)

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25
Q

What fossae does the Maxillary artery go through?

A

Infratemporal and Pterygopalatal

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26
Q

Does the facial artery enter the infratemporal fossa?

A

No

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27
Q

What nerve innervates the depressor anguli oris muscle?

A

VII

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28
Q

What are the five facial expression muscles of the mouth?

A

Orbicularis oris, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris, Zygomaticus major, Risorius

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29
Q

What are the facial expression muscles of the lips?

A

Levator labii superioris and Depressor labii inferioris

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30
Q

What is the facial expression muscle of the cheek?

A

Buccinator

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31
Q

What is the facial expression muscle of the chin?

A

Mentalis

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32
Q

What is the facial expression muscle of the nose?

A

Nasalis

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33
Q

What is the facial expression muscle of the eye?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the buccinator?

A

Origin: (three locations) pterygomandibular raphe, buccal alveolar processes of maxilla and mandbible
Insertion: Upper and lower lips

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35
Q

Which muscles of facial expression act on the upper lip?

A

Orbicularis oris, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris, Zygomaticus major, Risorius, Levator labii superiori, and Buccinator

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36
Q

T/F The facial nerve runs through the stylomastoid foramen, parotid gland, and internal acoustic meatus

A

True

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37
Q

What CN provides sensory innervation to the face?

A

V

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38
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial portion of the upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp?

A

Supratrochlear nerve (of V1)

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39
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of V1 on the face?

A

Lacrimal
Supraorbital and Supratrochlear (from frontal n, in orbit)
Infratrochlear (from nasociliary n. in orbit)
External nasal (from nasociliary–>anterior ethmoidal n.)

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40
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of V2 on the face?

A

Zygomatiofacial and Zygomaticotemporal (from zygomatic n. in zygomaticofacial foramen)
Infraorbital
Inferior palpebral, lateral nasal, superior labial (from infraorbital on face)

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41
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of V3 on the face?

A

Auriculotemporal, Buccal (directly from V3)

Mental (from inferior alveolar n.)

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42
Q

T/F The upper lip receives blood supply from branches of the maxillary and facial arteries

A

True

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43
Q

Which nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the parotid gland? Which CN supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

A

Auriculotemporal (V3).

IX (thought the last portion hitchhikes in with the auriculotemporal nerve as well)

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44
Q

T/F Temporalis muscles pass deep to the zygomatic arch

A

True. They attach at the coronoid process of the mandible, deep to the zygomatic arch

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45
Q

How does unilateral action of the lateral pterygoid muscle move the mandible? Bilateral action of lateral pterygoid?

A

To the opposite side.

Protrudes and depresses mandible, pulls articular disk forward

46
Q

T/F The lateral pterygoid muscle elevate the mandible

A

FALSE. The medial pterygoid does

47
Q

Which muscles elevate the mandible?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid muscles

48
Q

Which muscles attach to the angle or ramus of the mandible?

A

Masseter and Medial pterygoid

49
Q

T/F The deep temporal artery arises from the superficial temporal artery

A

FALSE. It arises from the maxillary artery

50
Q

T/F The superficial temporal artery arises within the parotid gland

A

True

51
Q

What two muscles attach to the pterygomandibular raphe?

A

Buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor

52
Q

In what space does the inferior alveolar artery branch?

A

Infratemporal fossa

53
Q

In what space does the PSA originate?

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

54
Q

Where do the MSA and ASA branches originate?

A

Infraoribital canal

55
Q

Which nucleus receives information about touch from the face?

A

Pontine trigeminal

56
Q

What CN are served by the Nucleus ambiguous?

A

IX and X for branchial motor

57
Q

The geniculate ganglion contains the cell bodies of which CN?

A

VII

58
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN VII originate?

A

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

59
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN IX originate?

A

Inferior Salivatory Nucleus

60
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN X originate?

A

Dorsal Vagal Motor Nucleus

61
Q

T/F The IA artery is posterior to the IA nerve

A

True

62
Q

V3, besides giving motor innervation to the muscles of mastication, what other four muscles does V3 provide motor innervation to?

A

Tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior digastric

63
Q

The pharyngeal canal (palatovaginal canal) connects what two spaces?

A

Pterygopalatine fossa and the nasopharynx

64
Q

Which nerves innervate teeth?

A

PSA, MSA, ASA, IA (Mandibular Incisive nerve anteriorly)

65
Q

T/F Both the nerves and arteries of the MSA and ASA branch inside the infraorbital canal.

A

True

66
Q

Where do the frontal, maxillary and anterior/middle ethmoidal sinuses drain/open?

A

Middle meatus

67
Q

What are two ways that arteries and nerves can enter the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine foramen and the Anterior/Posterior ethmoidal foramen

68
Q

Blood supply to the nasal cavity comes from what areas?

A
  1. Pterygopalatine fossa (Maxillary branches
  2. Orbit (Internal Carotid–>Ophthalmic branches)
  3. Face (External Carotid–>Facial–>Ascending palatine or from Superior labial which ramifies on the nasal septum)

MAINLY the first TWO

69
Q

T/F All sympathetic fibers in the head must be post-ganglionic fibers

A

True

70
Q

What nerve innervates the stylopharygeus muscle? What nerve innervates the styloglossus muscle?

A

IX.

XII

71
Q

Where does the lingual artery arise? Where does the lingual nerve arise?

A

From the external carotid in the neck.

From V3 in the infratemporal fossa

72
Q

T/F The lingual artery lies deep to the hyoglossus

A

True

73
Q

T/F The lingual nerve lies deep to the hyoglossus.

A

FALSE. It lies superficial to the hyoglossus muscle (between it and the submandibular gland)

74
Q

What artery provide blood supply to the submandibular gland?

A

Glandular branches of the Facial artery

75
Q

Where are the origins of the muscles that insert into the tongue?

A

Styloid process, Hyoid bone, Mandible, and Palatal aponeurosis

76
Q

What muscles originate from the palatal aponeurosis? What muscle insert here?

A

Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeus, Musculus uvulae.

Insert: Levator veli palatini, Tensor veli palatini

77
Q

T/F Damage to the hypoglossal nerve on the right side will cause the tongue to deviate to the right side (same side) during protrusion

A

True

78
Q

What arteries provide blood supply to the submandibular gland?

A

Facial (via glandular and submental branches)

79
Q

Does the submandibular gland receive blood supply from the lingual artery?

A

No

80
Q

What arteries provide blood supply to the sublingual gland?

A

Facial (via Submental) and Lingual (via Sublingual)

81
Q

What arteries provide blood supply to the parotid gland?

A

Maxillary and Superficial temporal arteries

82
Q

T/F Tensor veli palatini wraps around the hamulus from its origin at the lateral aspect of the auditory tube, scaphoid and pterygoid

A

True

83
Q

Where does levator veli palatini originate?

A

Base of auditory tube

84
Q

Which three muscles depress the palate?

A

Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus and Palatoglossus

85
Q

Blood supply going to the palate will pass through which fossae and foramina?

A

Infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, sphenopalatine foramen, greater/lesser foramen, incisive foramen

86
Q

Will blood supply going to the palate pass through the infraorbital canal?

A

No

87
Q

What CNs innervate palatal muscles?

A

X, except tensor veli palatini is innervated by V3

88
Q

The palatopharyngeus muscle is innervated by what CN? The stylopharyngeus is innervated by what CN?

A

X.

IX.

89
Q

What CN provides general sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

A

V

90
Q

CN VII provides general sensory innervation to what areas?

A

Small area of ear and EAM

91
Q

CN IX provides general sensory innervation to what areas?

A

Pharynx, middle ear, posterior 1/3 of the tongue

92
Q

CN X provides general sensory innervation to what areas?

A

Dura mater of posterior cranial fossa, larynx, small area of ear and tympanic membrane

93
Q

Which muscles elevate the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus

94
Q

T/F The superior pharyngeal constrictor elevates the palate

A

FALSE. It constricts the pharynx during swallowing

95
Q

What does the superior pharyngeal constrictor attach to?

A

Hamulus and pterygomandibular raphe to mandible then to pharyngeal tubercle and median raphe

96
Q

What does the middle pharyngeal constrictor attach to?

A

Hyoid bone to median raphe

97
Q

What does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor attach to?

A

Thyroid and cricoid cartilages to median raphe

98
Q

T/F The inferior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the hyoid bone?

A

FALSE. The middle pharyngeal constrictor does

99
Q

Where does the salpingopharyngeus muscle originate? Where does the levator levi palatini originate?

A

Auditory tube.

Base of the auditory tube

100
Q

T/F Branches of the internal carotid supply blood to the pharynx.

A

FALSE. Branches of the external carotid, facial, subclavian, and maxillary do supply blood to the pharynx

101
Q

Which space can potentially allow severe infection of the oral cavity to enter the superior mediastinum?

A

Retropharyngeal space

102
Q

What are the five layers of the pharynx from the anterior to the posterior?

A

Mucous membrane, submucosa, fibrous pharyngobasilar fascia, muscular layer, buccopharyngeal fascia

103
Q

What layer of the pharynx is continuous with pretrachial fascia?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

104
Q

What two fascias surround the retropharyngeal space?

A

Pre-trachial and prevertebral fascias

105
Q

Which space behind the pharynx is like an elevator shaft that can rapidly spread infection from teeth to the mediastinum?

A

Retropharyngeal space

106
Q

T/F The Inferior Alveolar artery cannot supply blood to the area between the corner of the eye and commissure of the lips

A

True

107
Q

Does the infratrochlear nerve emerge onto the face?

A

Yes, it emerges with the Dorsal Nasal artery

108
Q

Between what two muscles do the IA and lingual nerves emerge?

A

Lateral and medial pterygoid

109
Q

Which muscles can retrude the mandible?

A

Temporalis, Masseter (deep head)

110
Q

Which muscles can protrude the mandible?

A

Masseter (superficial head), Medial pterygoid, Lateral pterygoid

111
Q

Which muscles can elevate the mandible?

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid (all but lateral pterygoid)

112
Q

Which muscle of mastication cannot elevate the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid

HN (10 decks)

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