Lecture 32. Introduction to Brain Function, Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
What is Mark Twains definition of emotion ?
Any emotion, if it is sincere, is involuntary
What are the dual aspects of emotion ?
- Expression
2. Experience
What is expression in the dual aspect of emotion ?
- Behavioral - blushing, laughing, crying, running
2. Physiological - heart rate, skin conductance, neural activity
What is experience in the dual aspect of emotion ?
Subjective feelings of humans - linguistic, conscious
What is emotion ?
Immediate responses to as specific object or situation
What is mood ?
Diffuse, long lasting affective state. Often with unclear triggers or origins
What is another definition of emotion ?
Emotions are biologically based responses to situations that are seen as personally relevant. They are shaped by learning and usually involve changes in peripheral physiology, expressive behavior and subjective experience
What do emotions involve changes across ?
Multiple response systems
What are emotions distinct from ?
Moods, this is because emotions often have identifiable triggers
What are two things that emotions could be ?
- Unlearned responses to stimuli after intrinsic affective properties
- Learned responses to stimuli with acquired emotional value
What are Ekman’s categories ?
- Well established basic emotions
2. Candidate basic emotions
What are some examples of well-established basic emotions ?
- Anger
- Fear
- Sadness
- Disgust
- Happiness
- Surprise
What are some examples of candidate basic emotions ?
- Contempt
- Shame
- Guilt
- Embarrassment
- Awe
- Amusement
- Excitement
- Pride
- Relief
- Satisfaction
- Sensory pleasure
- Enjoyment
What is Ekman’s criteria for basic emotions ?
- Distinctive universal signals
- Presence in other primates
- Distinctive physiology
- Distinctive universals in antecedent events
- Rapid onset
- Brief duration
- Automatic appraisal
- Unbidden in occurence
What is universal emotional expressions ?
The meaning of these facial expressions is similar across all cultures
What are basic emotions ?
A closed, core set of emotions, each with unique characteristics, carved by evolution and reflected through facial expressions
What are complex emotions ?
Combinations of basic emotions, some of which may be socially or culturally learned, that can be identified as evolved, long lasting feelings
What is the dimensional theories of emotion ?
Describe emotions that are fundamentally the same but that differ along one or more dimensions, such as valence and arousal in reaction to events or stimuli
In patient SM suffering from Urbach-Wiethe disease, what is the effect of amygdala atrophy ?
No capacity for experiencing or recognising fear
What is the papez circuit ?
A fundamental component of the limbic system
What is the limbic system ?
The part of the brain involved in emotional and behavioral response
What are Darwins principles ?
- Principle of serviceable habits
- Principle of antithesis - opposite emotions to opposite behaviors
- Principle of expressive habits
What is the conventional theory of emotion ?
Conventional view of emotion reflects theories in which emotions have multiple components that need to be coordinated
What is emotional generation ?
- The physiological reaction
- The behavioral reaction
- The subject feeling
What is the amygdala sometimes known as ?
The emotion center of the brain
What was James Gross model of emotion ?
Emotions can be regulated by either manipulating the input to the system or by manipulating its output
