Lecture 30

Question 1

Ciliates (animal-like consumers)

Answer 1

Unicellular
Covered with flagella called cilia
2 types of nuclei (macro and micro)
Predatory 
Buccal cavity 
Reproduction: 2 cells come together each with its micro and macro. --> Micro undergoes meiosis and produce 4 hap, 3 of them abort

Question 2

Choanoflagellates (animal-like consumer)

Answer 2

Aquatic
Related to the choanocytes (sponge)
Heterotrophic consumers

Question 3

Slime moulds - Amoeboid

Answer 3

Heterotrophs: absorb or engulf food after external digestion (like fungi)
major decomposers
Reproduction: spores in fruiting bodies called sorocarps
Cellular: Dictyostelids (feed on bacteria and decaying organics
Acellular: Myxomycetes (decomposers)

Question 4

Oomycetes

Answer 4

Zoospore infects plant tissue; hyphal filaments penetrate and parasitize cells
“Phytophthora”
Colourless Hyphae
filament walls of cellulose, nuclei are diploid

Question 5

Fungi General

Answer 5

• Heterotrophic food absorbers and vegetative structure is a mycelium (network of haploid hyphae: monofilaments with large surface area/volume ratio)
• Cell walls are chitin microfibrils embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides, protein and lipids

Question 6

Fungi stucture

Answer 6

Hyphae grow and branch, secrete and absorb (only at tips)
Hyphae may be divided by cross walls called septa
Septa are incomplete and allow cytoplasmic continuity
Mycelia capable of indefinite growth

Question 7

Fungi reproduce

Answer 7

• by non-motile sexual and/or asexual spores (1N) long living
• zygote is only diploid cell
• Hyphae can fuse at their tips, forming cells with mixed nuclei (heterokaryons)
• Dikaryons formed by plasmogamy of compatible mating types

Question 8

Where do Fungi live?

Answer 8

• Saprophytes (recyclers, cellulose, chitin and lignin), parasites (rusts, blights) or symbionts (with mycorrhiza, endophytes, invertebrates)
• Secrete enzymes and digest their food externally, then absorb it, reserves then stored as glycogen, fats and oils