Lecture 12

Question 1

Heritability is…?

Answer 1

A statistical measure of how strongly the phenotype of the offspring will resemble the phenotype of the parent

Question 2

Concordance

Answer 2

when twins have the same trait

Question 3

Non-concordance

Answer 3

when twins have a trait that is different

Question 4

Polygenetics

Answer 4

many genes
Calculating them:
proportion of F^2 who resemble the parents (eg. 1/16) = (1/4)^2 thus two genes involved

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Any molecule which induces an immune response is called an antigen (antibody generator)

Question 6

Antibodies

Answer 6

immunoglobulins

Question 7

A and B antigens

Answer 7

the alleles determine the presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell, 
-the antigen is a glycoprotein.
- 1 gene, 3 alleles 
IA and IB are codominant
IA and IB are dominant to iO

Question 8

Rules for antigens and antibodies

Answer 8

blood group named after antigen in blood, but in plasma there is an antibody. If you have antigen A you do not want antibody A,
Type AB has A and B antigen but neither antibody and type O has neither antigens but both antibodies
- type O is universal donor (b/c no antigens)
- type AB is universal recipient

Question 9

Agglutination

Answer 9

when the same antigen and antibody come together

Question 10

MN system

Answer 10

another antigen embedded in the blood membrane, no naturally occurring antibodies for this system

Question 11

Rhesus system

Answer 11

Rhesus +’ve (DD, Dd)
Rhesus -‘ve (dd)
- no naturally occurring D anitbodies in blood but D antibodies will be produced in response to the D antigen
If RH-‘ve woman has RH+’ve child can be a problem after sensitisation