Lecture 3 Sustainable mobility

Question 1

Derived demand

Answer 1

Traditional transport planning views travel as a necessary cost to acccess desired activities. Banister argues that travel can also be a valued activity

Question 2

Time minimalization vs. Quality of travel time

Answer 2

Conventional transport planning values speed, but sustainability mobility emphasizes reasonable and predictable travel times, even if they are not minimized, to improve reliability and environmental quality

Question 3

Reducing the need to travel

Answer 3

By substituting physical travel with ICT (e.g. online shopping), urban planning can reduce the frequency of trips

Question 4

Modal shift

Answer 4

encouraging walking, cycling, and public transit use over car travel can reduce environmental impact. This can be achieved by slowing urban traffic, reallocating street space and implementing road pricing

Question 5

Distance reduction

Answer 5

Land-use planning can shorten travel distances by promoting mixed-use developments, increasing density and creating transit-oriented developments

Question 6

Technological innovation

Answer 6

Efficiency can be improved through eco-friendly technology in vehicles, renewable energy, and infrastructure that prioritizes cleaner transport options

Question 7

Public acceptability

Answer 7

Gaining public support by highlighting the health, economic, and environmental benefits of sustainable transport

Question 8

Healthy Transport

Answer 8

Encouraging active transportation modes, such as walking and cycling, to improve public health

Question 9

Demonstration Effects

Answer 9

Policies like congestion charging (e.g. London) demonstrate the benefits of sustainable practices and can serve as models for other cities

Question 10

Engagement (principle of sustainable mobility)

Answer 10

Policies must be transparant and inclusive, encouraging public involvement and understanding

Question 11

Consistency (principle of sustainable mobility)

Answer 11

Transport policies should align with long-term goals, integrating across policy sectors

Question 12

Adaptability (principle of sustainable mobility)

Answer 12

Policies should allow for flexibility to respond to changing circumstances, supporting sustained behavioural change

Question 13

City transformation (framework Loo & Tsoi)

Answer 13

Encourages high-density, mixed-use urban planning, focusing on transit-oriented development (TOD) and enhancing walkability. These measures are intended to minimize car dependency by creating self-sustained communities with short commutes

Question 14

Economic transformation (framework Loo & Tsoi)

Answer 14

Proposes shifting towards high-value, low-carbon industries and creating efficient freight logistics systems. Reducing dependency on heavy industries and enhancing logistics sustainability are key.

Question 15

Vehicle transformation

Answer 15

Involves advancing low-carbon vehicle technology, improving fuel efficiency, and expanding infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs). Autonomous vehicle technology is seen as an opportunity for energy and traffic efficiency

Question 16

Modal-split transformation

Answer 16

Promotes the use of public transportation and active transport (e.g. walking, cycling) by improving multimodal connectivity and discouraging car usage

Question 17

Lifestyle transformation (framework Loo & Tsoi)

Answer 17

Focuses on fostering public acceptance of sustainable mobility through education and policies that promote sustainable travel behaviours

Question 18

Role of Land-use planning

Answer 18

Land-use planning, through density, diversity and design, is seen as essential to reinforce the five transformations

Question 19

Emphasis Loo and Tsoi

Answer 19

They emphasize the need for flexible, place-based solutions tailored to local characteristics, advocating a balance between policy consistency and adaptability

Question 20

Sustainable mobility

Answer 20

The ability to meet the needs of society to move freely, gain access, communicate, trade, and establish relationships

Question 21

Why is travelling less so difficult?

Answer 21

1) Limits the participation in society;
2) Freedom of travel (basic human right);
3) Externalities not included in costs;
4) Travel as a derived demand: intervene in other domains

Question 22

Supply of mobility

Answer 22

1) Investing in infrastructures/cleaner mobility
2) Financial measures (tolls, pricing structures and car parking management)
3) Reduce supply (e.g. mobility zones, sustainability zones)

Question 23

Demand of mobility

Answer 23

1) Urban planning
2) Time management policies
3) Communication (making people aware of the negative impatcs of their transport choices)

Question 24

Why do we focus on travel efficiently?

Answer 24

1) Influencable
2) Direct impact
3) Measurable
4) Vested interests / path dependencies

Question 25

Practical limitations for EV

Answer 25

1) The availability of vehicles, particularly for specific focus groups
2) The prices of electric vehicles are still high
3) The development of the charging infrastructure, the lack of market model and a business case for public…

Question 26

Role of government (EV strategies)

Answer 26

1) test bed: facilitate experiments
2) Introduction in public transport (busses in Utrecht)
3) Fiscal policies
4) Take away institutional barriers (e.g. in relation to connections with energy network)

Question 27

Role of market (EV strategies)

Answer 27

1) increase efficiency of production
2) Diversify supply
3) Integrate EV use in area development and transport planning concept