Lecture 12 Cycle highways as a policy innovation

Question 1

Invention

Answer 1

• Formulation of new policy concepts
• Entrepreneurial strategies to put them on policy agendas

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

• Adoption and transfer of policy concepts
• Adaptation to local circumstances

Question 3

Evaluation

Answer 3

• Impact of implementation of policy concepts (before and after measurements)
• Role in broader sustainability transitions

Question 4

Policy entrepreneurs

Answer 4

Are in charge to bring three very different world together. He advocates the new solutions > brings together solution, problem(s), and political support

Question 5

Entrepreneurial strategies

Answer 5

• Framing and qualifying the concept
• Demonstration of feasibility
• Building coalitions
• Exploiting windows of opportunity
• Venue shopping

Question 6

Naming and articulating

Answer 6

Definition: Developing specific terms and clearly defining concepts.
Purpose: Clarifies complex ideas, makes them accessible, and helps gain public and stakeholder support by creating a common understanding.

Question 7

Standardization

Answer 7

Definition: Creating uniform criteria, guidelines, or protocols.
Purpose: Ensures consistency and interoperability across different systems or regions, making it easier to implement and manage policies.

Question 8

Legal practices

Answer 8

Definition: Using legal frameworks and tools to support policies.
Purpose: Provides formal legitimacy and enforceability to policies, ensuring they are grounded in existing legal systems.

Question 9

Planning diplomacy

Answer 9

Definition: Engaging with multiple stakeholders to build consensus.
Purpose: Facilitates cooperation and agreement among diverse groups, crucial for the successful implementation of policies.

Question 10

Financial practices

Answer 10

Definition: Developing funding strategies and financial models.
Purpose: Ensures that policies are financially viable and sustainable, addressing economic aspects and securing necessary resources.

Question 11

Design negotiation

Answer 11

Definition: Iterative process of discussing and refining policy designs.
Purpose: Incorporates feedback and adjustments to create practical, acceptable, and effective policies, balancing different interests and constraints.

Question 12

External explanation (diffusion)

Answer 12

Coercion, learning, emulation, competition

Question 13

Internal explanation (diffusion)

Answer 13

Collaboration, hold-ups

Question 14

Pathways to completion

Answer 14

• Learning: pilots
• Coercion: funding availability
• Coordination: it needs to suit cross municipal borders
• Local commitment: municipalities need to show their commitment to actually build the cycle highways
• Stakeholder support: residents have to agree to a cycle highway