Lecture 3 Stomach... etc (Smith)

Question 1

What are the 2 orifices of the stomach?

Answer 1

Cardial and Pyloric

Question 2

Functions of stomach:

Answer 2

Storage via rugae
Mixing like concrete to produce chyme
Physical breakdown via smooth muscle and HCl
Chemical breakdown via Pepsin
Controlled release of chyme into the small intestine regulated by pyloric sphincter

Question 3

5 different cells that make up the gastric pits of the stomach?

Answer 3

Surface mucous cell (secretes mucous)
Mucous neck cell (secretes mucous)
Parietal cell (secretes HCl acid and intrinsic factor)
Chief cell (secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase)
Enteroendocrine cell (secretes various hormones including gastrin which stimulates other organs to increase output)

Question 4

Abdominal aorta has 4 unpaired branches, what are they?

Answer 4

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, median sacral artery

Question 5

Abdominal aorta has 5 paired branches , what are they?

Answer 5

Inferior Phrenic arteries, Middle suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, lumbar arteries

Question 6

What does the left gastric artery supply?

Answer 6

Esophagus and stomach

Question 7

What does the splenic artery supply?

Answer 7

pancreas, stomach, greater omentum, spleen

Question 8

What does the common hepatic artery branch into?

Answer 8

proper hepatic artery, and gastroduodenal artery

Question 9

Cystic artery supplies?

Answer 9

gall bladder

Question 10

Gastroduodenal artery supplies what?

Answer 10

pancreas, stomach, greater omentum, duodenum

Question 11

What 2 branches come off of the gastroduodenal?

Answer 11

Pancreaticoduodenal to the right, and Gastroepiploic to the left

Question 12

What 4 structures give partial supply to the stomach?

Answer 12

left gastric, splenic, right gastric, gastroduodenal

Question 13

Which surface of the liver is considered the anterior surface?

Answer 13

Visceral surface

Question 14

Which surface is the posterior surface of the liver?

Answer 14

Diaphragmatic surface

Question 15

3 branches off of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 15

Splenic, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric

Question 16

What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

Answer 16

stomach, large intestine and small intestine

Question 17

what does the splenic vein drain?

Answer 17

stomach, spleen, pancreas

Question 18

what does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?

Answer 18

large intestine and rectum

Question 19

what does the left and right gastric drain?

Answer 19

stomach

Question 20

what does the cystic vein drain?

Answer 20

Gallbladder

Question 21

True/False. Hepatic portal vein delivers oxygenated blood to the liver.

Answer 21

False, deoxygenated blood

Question 22

True False. Proper hepatic artery delivers oxygenated blood to the liver.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Blood mixes in _________ of smaller and smaller branches off of the hepatic portal vein and proper hepatic artery.

Answer 23

sinusoids (blood capillaries of the liver)

Question 24

What are kupffer’s cells?

Answer 24

stellate reticuloedothelial cell. remove bacteria and other debris from the blood.

Question 25

Know what sinusoids and kupffer’s cells look like on histology slide.

Answer 25

sinusoids are streams within the hepatic cells. Kupffer cells are black blobs… (Slide 21, 22)

Question 26

_________ is the primary bile pigment.

Answer 26

Bilirubin. (Broken down in the intestine, some lost in feces, but most reabsorbed and returned to liver via hepatic portal vein.)

Question 27

Jaundice is a yellowish coloration of the ________ of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes due to a buildup of bilirubin.

Answer 27

Sclera

Question 28

In the liver bilirubin is processed and eventually excreted as ____.

Answer 28

Bile

Question 29

What are the 4 types of jaundice?

Answer 29

Prehepatic- excess bilirubin production
Hepatic- liver diseases, cirrhosis, or hepatitis
Extrahepatic- blockage of bile drainage
Neonatal- newborns poorly functioning liver for the first week

Question 30

Bile is produced by ________.

Answer 30

Hepatocytes

Question 31

Gallbladder histology… What are the layers from inside out?

Answer 31

Mucosa- epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

Question 32

Surface of the spleen that is smooth, and doesn’t have the hilus is called _________.

Answer 32

Diaphragmatic surface

Question 33

The surface of the spleen that has the hilus is called ___________.

Answer 33

Visceral surface