Lecture 2 Overview of Abdominal organs- Smith Flashcards
What does the liver do?
Makes bile Breaks down alcohol, ammonia, and drugs Phagocytize bacteria and red and white blood cells Stores vitamins, iron, and glucose Synthesizes proteins and amino acids
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores bile
Where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm at?
Slightly to the left of midline at esophageal hiatus at about T10
How long is the small intestine?
20 feet long
What does the duodenum surround?
the head of the pancreas
4 parts of the duodenum
Superior, descending, horizontal (transverse), ascending
what doest the small intestine extend from?
the pyloric sphincter of the stomach
How much food/water can the stomach hold?
2-4 liters
What junction does the jejunum begin at?
duodenojejunal junction
Where does the ileum end?
ileocecal junction
Which part is longer Jejunum or ileum?
Ileum is about 3/5 long 12’ long….
Jejunum is 2/5 long 8’
3 functions or the small intestine?
chemical digestion (complete digestion of carbs, proteins, fats, & nucleic acids), mechanical digestion (bile seperates fat into smaller fat globules), and absorption
How much nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine?
90% of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine
What are the 4 parts of the colon?
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
What are the bends of the colon called?
Right colic hepatic flexure
Left colic splenic flexure
What is the line that runs along the colon?
Tenia coli
Large intestine functions?
Haustral contractions for mechanical digestion, bacterial ferementation for chemical digestion
Pancreas functions?
Exocrine portion: produce digestive enzymes
Endocrine portion: produce hormones to raise and lower blood glucose
Spleen function?
Adults:
Production of antibodies
phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out or damaged red blood cells & platelets
reservoir for blood platelets
Function of kidney?
produce hormones
absorb materials
filter blood
produce urine
Kidney is positioned between ________ and posterior wall of the abdomen hence the name retroperitoneal.
peritoneum
What type of connective tissue is in the suprarenal glands?
dense irregular connective tissue
Function of the adrenal gland?
The cortex & medulla secrete different hormones (steroid hormones and DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)
parietal Peritoneum function?
serous membrane lining of abdominopelvic cavity walls
visceral peritoneum function?
covers external surfaces of most diegestive organs.
peritoneal cavity?
potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneal layers
List the Retroperitoneal organs. 9 of them
S- Suprarenal glands A- Abdominal aorta & IVC D- Duodenum (2nd &4th parts) P- Pancreas (except tail) U- Ureters C- Colon (ascending and descending) K- Kidneys E- Esophagus (lower 2/3) R- Rectum
_________ ligament connects liver to diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall.
Falciform
_________ ligament connects spleen to stomach
Gastrosplenic
Peritoneal fold connecting lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum to the liver
Lesser omentum
2 ligaments of the peritoneum that belong to the lesser omentum
Hepatogastric ligament (weak), hepatoduodenal ligament.
These structures run through the hepatoduodenal ligament.
Proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct
This structure hangs down from stomach in front of loops of jejunum and ileum and consists of 4 peritoneal layers
Greater Omentum
peritoneal fold suspending the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall.
mesentery of small intestine
Which umbilical fold/ ligament runs straight up to belly button from bladder (carried urine as a fetus)?
Median Umbilical fold
Which umbilical fold used to carry arteries for deoxygenated blood in fetus to belly button?
Medial umbilical fold.
What 5 nerves are involved in the peritoneum?
Phrenic, lower 5 intercostals, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal
If there is a pain in the umbilical region what dermatome will it be reflected in?
T10, look at one of the lower intercostal nerves for problems.
What does the phrenic innervate?
Phrenic sends pain to shoulder region which is in dermatomes C3,4,&5.
