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Gross Anatomy > Lecture 2 Overview of Abdominal organs- Smith > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Overview of Abdominal organs- Smith Flashcards

1
Q

What does the liver do?

A 
Makes bile
Breaks down alcohol, ammonia, and drugs
Phagocytize bacteria and red  and white blood cells
Stores vitamins, iron, and glucose
Synthesizes proteins and amino acids
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2
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Stores bile

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3
Q

Where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm at?

A

Slightly to the left of midline at esophageal hiatus at about T10

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4
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

20 feet long

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5
Q

What does the duodenum surround?

A

the head of the pancreas

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6
Q

4 parts of the duodenum

A

Superior, descending, horizontal (transverse), ascending

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7
Q

what doest the small intestine extend from?

A

the pyloric sphincter of the stomach

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8
Q

How much food/water can the stomach hold?

A

2-4 liters

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9
Q

What junction does the jejunum begin at?

A

duodenojejunal junction

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10
Q

Where does the ileum end?

A

ileocecal junction

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11
Q

Which part is longer Jejunum or ileum?

A

Ileum is about 3/5 long 12’ long….

Jejunum is 2/5 long 8’

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12
Q

3 functions or the small intestine?

A

chemical digestion (complete digestion of carbs, proteins, fats, & nucleic acids), mechanical digestion (bile seperates fat into smaller fat globules), and absorption

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13
Q

How much nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine?

A

90% of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine

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14
Q

What are the 4 parts of the colon?

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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15
Q

What are the bends of the colon called?

A

Right colic hepatic flexure

Left colic splenic flexure

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16
Q

What is the line that runs along the colon?

A

Tenia coli

17
Q

Large intestine functions?

A

Haustral contractions for mechanical digestion, bacterial ferementation for chemical digestion

18
Q

Pancreas functions?

A

Exocrine portion: produce digestive enzymes

Endocrine portion: produce hormones to raise and lower blood glucose

19
Q

Spleen function?

A

Adults:
Production of antibodies
phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out or damaged red blood cells & platelets
reservoir for blood platelets

20
Q

Function of kidney?

A

produce hormones
absorb materials
filter blood
produce urine

21
Q

Kidney is positioned between ________ and posterior wall of the abdomen hence the name retroperitoneal.

A

peritoneum

22
Q

What type of connective tissue is in the suprarenal glands?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

23
Q

Function of the adrenal gland?

A

The cortex & medulla secrete different hormones (steroid hormones and DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)

24
Q

parietal Peritoneum function?

A

serous membrane lining of abdominopelvic cavity walls

25
Q

visceral peritoneum function?

A

covers external surfaces of most diegestive organs.

26
Q

peritoneal cavity?

A

potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneal layers

27
Q

List the Retroperitoneal organs. 9 of them

A 
S- Suprarenal glands
A- Abdominal aorta & IVC
D- Duodenum (2nd &4th parts)
P- Pancreas (except tail)
U- Ureters
C- Colon (ascending and descending)
K- Kidneys
E- Esophagus (lower 2/3)
R- Rectum
28
Q

_________ ligament connects liver to diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall.

A

Falciform

29
Q

_________ ligament connects spleen to stomach

A

Gastrosplenic

30
Q

Peritoneal fold connecting lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum to the liver

A

Lesser omentum

31
Q

2 ligaments of the peritoneum that belong to the lesser omentum

A

Hepatogastric ligament (weak), hepatoduodenal ligament.

32
Q

These structures run through the hepatoduodenal ligament.

A

Proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct

33
Q

This structure hangs down from stomach in front of loops of jejunum and ileum and consists of 4 peritoneal layers

A

Greater Omentum

34
Q

peritoneal fold suspending the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall.

A

mesentery of small intestine

35
Q

Which umbilical fold/ ligament runs straight up to belly button from bladder (carried urine as a fetus)?

A

Median Umbilical fold

36
Q

Which umbilical fold used to carry arteries for deoxygenated blood in fetus to belly button?

A

Medial umbilical fold.

37
Q

What 5 nerves are involved in the peritoneum?

A

Phrenic, lower 5 intercostals, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

38
Q

If there is a pain in the umbilical region what dermatome will it be reflected in?

A

T10, look at one of the lower intercostal nerves for problems.

39
Q

What does the phrenic innervate?

A

Phrenic sends pain to shoulder region which is in dermatomes C3,4,&5.

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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