Lecture 1- Abdomen (Akers) Flashcards
Name the four Quadrants of the Abdomen
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
What are the two planes dividing the quadrants? What do they divide?
Medial Plane- Divides left from right side
Umbilical Plane- Divides upper from lower
Structures in the Right upper Quadrant
Liver: Right Lobe Gallbladder Stomach: pylorus Duodenum: parts 1-3 Pancreas: head Right suprenal gland Right Kidney Right Colic (hepatic) flexure Ascending Colon: superior part Transverse Colon: right half
Structures of Right Lower Quadrant
Cecum Appendix Most of ileum Ascending colon: inferior part Right ovary Right uterine tube Right ureter: abdominal part Right spermatic cord: abdominal part Uterus (if enlarged) Urinary Bladder (if very full)
Structures of the Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Liver: Left lobe Spleen Stomach Jejunum and proximal ileum Pancreas: body and tail Left Kidney Left suprenal gland Left colic (splenic) flexure Transverse colon: left half Descending colon: superior part
Structures of the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Sigmoid colon Descending colon: inferior part Left Ovary Left uterine tube Left ureter: abdominal part Left spermatic cord: abdominal part Uterus (if enlarged) Urinary bladder (if very full)
Epigastric region
Upper central region of the abdomen. Located between costal margins and sub costal plane. Right below xiphoid process.
Hypogastric region
below the umbilical region. The triangle above your groin. Pubis bone is the lower limit
Umbilical region
Area right around the belly button (umbilicus/navel)
Right and left Iliac Regions
On either side of the hypogastric region and below the lumbar regions
How is skin attached?
Skin is very loosely attached because fat layer is underneath. Except at the umbilicus where scar tissue is strongly attached.
Skin collagen runs laterally like dermatomes.
Why when you have a surgery (I.e. removing appendix)do they cut horizontally and not vertically?
Since collagen runs naturally like dermatomes horizontally. the skin heals better because you are not slicing through the collagen.. Instead you are cutting between and along it.
Concept 1 is campers fascia superficial or deep of scarpas fascia?
superficial
Name the oblique muscles from superficial to deep.
External oblique, Internal oblique, transversus abdominus.
How does the rectus abdominus run as you go down?
superficial to deep
