Kidneys (akers)

Question 1

True false: The suprarenal gland, liver, the second part of the duodenum, and the right colic flexure is posterior to the right kidney.

Answer 1

False, anteriorly

Question 2

What part of the pancreas is in front of the left kidney?

Answer 2

tail

Question 3

What is the difference between peri and para?

Answer 3

Peri is around or covering. Para is adjacent

Question 4

All apexes of the renal pyramids point towards the ______?

Answer 4

Hilum

Question 5

All bases of the renal pyramids point towards the _____?

Answer 5

Cortex

Question 6

Segmental arteries break up into _____?

Answer 6

Lobar (before it enters mesh of kidney not important)/ interlobar arteries

Question 7

Interlobar arteries branch out adjacent to pyramids in __________.

Answer 7

Renal columns

Question 8

Urine flow in kidney?

Answer 8

Pyrimids to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvis to ureter.

Question 9

Know blood flow into kidney in arteries.

Answer 9

Renal artery to interlobar artery to arcuate artery to interlobar artery

Question 10

________ arteriole means blood is coming to you…

Answer 10

Afferent

Question 11

_______ arteriole means blood is going away…

Answer 11

Efferent

Question 12

Inner layer of bowmans capsule is called ______ layer.

Answer 12

Parietal

Question 13

Bowmans capsule is surrounded by ________ layer.

Answer 13

Visceral layer

Question 14

Visceral layer contain _________ which form a barrier and create finistrations that allow good and bad to come out, not anything big (like proteins) to come out…

Answer 14

podocytes

Question 15

Are there proteins in your urine?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

What two structures help get the baby (i.e. get important amino acids, glucose, water, vitamins and other things) back?

Answer 16

Mostly the Brush/Proximal convoluted tubule and some in the loop of henle

Question 17

Basic function unit of the kidney. COmprised of a renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and a distal convoluted tubule.

Answer 17

Nephron

Question 18

Composed of a glomerulus and a bowman capsule

Answer 18

Renal Corpuscle

Question 19

Consists of a spherical knot of capillaries which is fed by an afferent

Answer 19

Glomerulus

Question 20

Long tubes that follow a serpentine course as they drain filtrate from the renal corpuscle into the loop of Henle.

Answer 20

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 21

Proximal convoluted tubule is lined by __________________ with abundant microvilli (brush border)

Answer 21

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 22

Continuation of the proximal convoluted tubule makes a U shaped structure.

Answer 22

Loop of Henle

Question 23

Distal and proximal differ in one very important way.

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tubule has the brush border… Distal doesn’t have a brush border and has macula densa (senses and monitors acid base balance, and how much water we are putting out).

Question 24

__________ is a tight packed group of cells within the Distal Convoluted Tubules that senses and monitors ionic content and water volume of the filtrate.

Answer 24

Macula Densa

Question 25

The collecting system consists of 3 things...

Answer 25

Cortical collecting tubules, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts.

Question 26

__________ system is the last checks and balance of the Acid Base concentration.

Answer 26

Collecting

Question 27

Collecting tubules become highly permeable to water under the influence of ___________ hormone.

Answer 27

Antidiuretic (ADH)

Question 28

__________ is the temporary collecting spot for the urine.

Answer 28

Urinary bladder

Question 29

Ureters are long relatively small tubules lined by ________________ and surrounded by a thin layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue.

Answer 29

Transitional epithelium

Question 30

Bladder has 3 openings:

Answer 30

2 for ureters and one for emptying urine into the urethra.

Question 31

Urinary bladder consists of 3 layers:

Answer 31

mucosal, muscularis, and adventitial layers

Question 32

Suprarenal glands have ________ and ________ surrounded by capsule.

Answer 32

cortex and medulla

Question 33

___________ are concerned with the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

Answer 33

Mineral corticoids

Question 34

_________ are concerned with the control of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and a small amount of sex hormones.

Answer 34

Glucocorticoids

Question 35

MEdulla of the suprarenal glands secretes the catecholamines _________ and _________.

Answer 35

Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 36

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers derived from the __________ supply the glands. Most of the nerves end in the _________ of the gland.

Answer 36

Splanchnic nerves | Medulla

Question 37

True/False: Preganglionic sympathetic fibers end in the medulla of the suprarenal glands synapsing in a ganglion in the gland.

Answer 37

False, it does not synapse in a ganglion.