Kidneys (akers) Flashcards
True false: The suprarenal gland, liver, the second part of the duodenum, and the right colic flexure is posterior to the right kidney.
False, anteriorly
What part of the pancreas is in front of the left kidney?
tail
What is the difference between peri and para?
Peri is around or covering. Para is adjacent
All apexes of the renal pyramids point towards the ______?
Hilum
All bases of the renal pyramids point towards the _____?
Cortex
Segmental arteries break up into _____?
Lobar (before it enters mesh of kidney not important)/ interlobar arteries
Interlobar arteries branch out adjacent to pyramids in __________.
Renal columns
Urine flow in kidney?
Pyrimids to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvis to ureter.
Know blood flow into kidney in arteries.
Renal artery to interlobar artery to arcuate artery to interlobar artery
________ arteriole means blood is coming to you…
Afferent
_______ arteriole means blood is going away…
Efferent
Inner layer of bowmans capsule is called ______ layer.
Parietal
Bowmans capsule is surrounded by ________ layer.
Visceral layer
Visceral layer contain _________ which form a barrier and create finistrations that allow good and bad to come out, not anything big (like proteins) to come out…
podocytes
Are there proteins in your urine?
no
What two structures help get the baby (i.e. get important amino acids, glucose, water, vitamins and other things) back?
Mostly the Brush/Proximal convoluted tubule and some in the loop of henle
Basic function unit of the kidney. COmprised of a renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and a distal convoluted tubule.
Nephron
Composed of a glomerulus and a bowman capsule
Renal Corpuscle
Consists of a spherical knot of capillaries which is fed by an afferent
Glomerulus
Long tubes that follow a serpentine course as they drain filtrate from the renal corpuscle into the loop of Henle.
Proximal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule is lined by __________________ with abundant microvilli (brush border)
simple cuboidal epithelium
Continuation of the proximal convoluted tubule makes a U shaped structure.
Loop of Henle
Distal and proximal differ in one very important way.
Proximal convoluted tubule has the brush border… Distal doesn’t have a brush border and has macula densa (senses and monitors acid base balance, and how much water we are putting out).
__________ is a tight packed group of cells within the Distal Convoluted Tubules that senses and monitors ionic content and water volume of the filtrate.
Macula Densa
The collecting system consists of 3 things…
Cortical collecting tubules, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts.
__________ system is the last checks and balance of the Acid Base concentration.
Collecting
Collecting tubules become highly permeable to water under the influence of ___________ hormone.
Antidiuretic (ADH)
__________ is the temporary collecting spot for the urine.
Urinary bladder
Ureters are long relatively small tubules lined by ________________ and surrounded by a thin layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue.
Transitional epithelium
Bladder has 3 openings:
2 for ureters and one for emptying urine into the urethra.
Urinary bladder consists of 3 layers:
mucosal, muscularis, and adventitial layers
Suprarenal glands have ________ and ________ surrounded by capsule.
cortex and medulla
___________ are concerned with the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Mineral corticoids
_________ are concerned with the control of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and a small amount of sex hormones.
Glucocorticoids
MEdulla of the suprarenal glands secretes the catecholamines _________ and _________.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers derived from the __________ supply the glands. Most of the nerves end in the _________ of the gland.
Splanchnic nerves
Medulla
True/False: Preganglionic sympathetic fibers end in the medulla of the suprarenal glands synapsing in a ganglion in the gland.
False, it does not synapse in a ganglion.
