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Block 2: Histology > Lecture 3 (Revised) (Integument System) > Flashcards

Lecture 3 (Revised) (Integument System) Flashcards

1
Q

Integument?

A

Skin = Dermis + Epidermis

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2
Q

Skin is covered by?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(epithelium –> BM –> loose CT –> dense CT)

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3
Q

Layers of Epidermis?

A

-Stratum Corneum
-Stratum Lucidum
-Stratum Granulosum
-Stratum Spinosum
-Stratum Basale

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4
Q

Which layer is only for thick skin?

A

Stratum Lucidum

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5
Q

Mitotically active region?

A

Malphigian Layer = Spinosum + Basale

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6
Q

(Cutaneous Burns)
1st Degree Burns?

A

Can repair dermis
(damage stratum cornea + lucid + granulosum + spinous)
(stratum basale is unharmed)

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7
Q

(Cutaneous Burns)
2nd Degree Burns?

A

Patient can regenerate lost epidermis from dermis
(damage to all layers)
(sweat glands + hair follicles in dermis can regenerate epidermis)

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8
Q

(Cutaneous Burns)
3rd Degree Burns?

A

Patient has complete loss of epidermis + dermis
(only skin graft)
(most dangerous because loss of H2O barrier)

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9
Q

Epidermis Cells?

A

-Keratinocytes (most abundant)
-Langerhans Cells
-Melanocytes
-Merkel Cells

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10
Q

(Epithelial Skin Cancers)
Basal Cell Carcinoma?

A

Occurs in thin skin only (where sebaceous glands are located)
(affects keratinocytes in stratum basale excess basal cells in area they shouldn’t be (dermis))

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11
Q

(Epithelial Skin Cancers)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Loss of normal (squamous) epithelium appearance of cuboidal or columnar cells
(affects keratinocytes all throughout epithelial layers)

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12
Q

(Epithelial Skin Cancers)
Malignant Melanoma?

A

Most dangerous form of skin cancer
(affects melanocytes in stratum basal –> migrate into dermis –> invade blood and lymph vessels to spread cancer)

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13
Q

(Epidermis Cells)
Keratinocytes?

A

(most abundant)
-Produced in stratum basale (move to spinosum and proliferate)
-Cells mature and accumulate keratin filaments
-Start to die in stratum granulosum (move to corneum)

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14
Q

(Epidermis Cells)
Langerhans Cells?

A

-Found in stratum spinosum
-Derived from mesoderm
-Act as immune cell (migrate into dermis then lymph)

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15
Q

(Epidermis Cells)
Melanocytes?

A

-Found in stratum basale (germinative) with hemisdesmosomes
-Derived from neural crest cells which allow for migration
-Contain tyrosinase –> produces melanin –> gives skin color

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16
Q

(Epidermis Cells)
Merkel Cells?

A

-Found in stratum basale of only thick skin
-Specialized keratinocytes (mechanoreceptor cells)

17
Q

Dermis consists of?

A

Loose + Dense CT underlying epithelium

18
Q

(Dermis Layers)
Upper Loose CT Layer?

A

Papillary Layer
(cells > fibers)
(fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages)
(part of dermal papillae)

19
Q

(Dermis Layers)
Lower Dense CT Layer?

A

Reticular Layer
(fibers > cells)
(type 1 collagen)
(sweat glands, sebaceous glands (thin), nerve fibers, arrector muscle (thin))

20
Q

Dermis in Thin Skin is same as?

A

Thick Skin (except thin skin has sebaceous glands and arrestor muscle (for hair))

21
Q

Structures in Dermis come from?

A

Epidermis

22
Q

Hair Follicles are found in the?

A

Dermis of only thin skin
(down growth of epidermis into dermis)
(usually near oil glands of dermis)

23
Q

(Hair Follicles)
External + Internal Root Sheaths?

A

Basal Cells
(surrounded by dense CT within dermis)

24
Q

Dermal Papillae?

A

Hair bulb surrounded by root sheath
(located at bottom of hair follicle)
(contains vasculature that nourishes hair)

25
Q

Hair itself in follicle has 2 layers?

A

Cortex + Medulla

26
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands?

A

-Most common (watery, non-viscous secretion)
-Derived from epidermal cells invading down into dermis
-Simple cuboidal epithelium

27
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands?

A

-Less common (axillary, areolar, anal regions) (pheromones)
(protein-rich, viscous, odorless)
(glands secrete fluid)
(mammary glands)

28
Q

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands?

A

-Located only in thin skin because they develop with hair follicles
-Secrete sebaceous (oil) via holocrine secretion more active after puberty
-Basal cells (from epidermis)

29
Q

Nails?

A

Plates of keratinized epithelial cells (dead skin cells)

30
Q

Nail Layers?

A

1) Nail Plate (keratinized epithelial cells)
2) Nail Bed (epithelial cells of stratum spinous + basale) (malphigian layer)
3) Nail Matrix (generates cells of nail bed)

31
Q

Free Nerve Endings?

A

Unmyelinated axons (nerve tissue) in dermis penetrate up into malphigian layer of epidermis

32
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles?

A

-Present in thick skin (most abundant) + thin skin (identify in upper (papillary) layer of dermis)
(discriminative touch/edge detection)

33
Q

Discriminative Touch/Edge Detection?

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles

34
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles?

A

-Present in thick skin + thin skin
(identify in lower (reticular) layer of dermis)
(deep pressure + vibration)

35
Q

Deep Pressure and Vibration?

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

Block 2: Histology (9 decks)

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