Lecture 2 (Revised) (Respiratory System) Flashcards
Olfactory Epithelium?
Pseudostratified columnar cells
(lines roof of nasal cavity)
(specialized sensory function)
Olfactory Epithelium Layers?
-Supportive (sustentacular) cells
-Olfactory cells containing non-motile cilia
-Basal (stem) cells
Axons from basal cells extend through?
Basement Membrane + underlying CT to establish olfactory nerves (provide sensory of smell)
Olfactory (Bowman’s) Glands?
Ducts empty onto surface
(glandular tissue)
Larynx consists of?
Epiglottis + False Vocal Cord + True Vocal Cord
Epiglottis?
Covered by 2 different epitheliums
(anterior = stratified squamous)
(posterior = ciliated pseudostratified)
False Vocal Cord?
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar
True Vocal Cord?
Stratified Squamous
Structures located in underlying CT of Larynx?
-Mucous glands
-Elastic cartilage
Damaged Cilia can lead to?
Lung Diseases/Cancer
Cilia is motile?
Due to dynein arms (it beats forward in a synchronous patten)
Cilia is motile?
Due to dynein arms (it beats forward in a synchronous patten)
Trachea?
-Anterior to esophagus
-Covered by ciliated pseudostratified columnar
-Dense CT layer (Perichondrium)
-Hyaline Cartilage
Bronchi (Bronchus)?
-Lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar
-Contains hyaline cartilage + mucous glands + smooth muscle
Bronchi + Trachea are only respiratory structures to have?
Hyaline Cartilage
Bronchioles?
-Terminal lined with shorter ciliated pseudo.
-Respiratory lined with more simple cuboidal
-Contains smooth muscle
-Clara cells
Cellular Components of Alveolar Wall?
-Type 1 pneumocytes
-Type 2 pneumocytes
-Fibroblasts
-Macrophages
(Bronchioles)
Clara cells?
1st appear in terminal bronchioles (abundant in respiratory bronchioles) (produce lipoprotein)
Alveoli form?
Blood-air barrier for gas exchange
(O2 travels through type 1 to endothelial cell)
(CO2 travels through endothelial cell to type 1)
Alveoli form?
Blood-air barrier for gas exchange
(O2 travels through type 1 to endothelial cell)
(CO2 travels through endothelial cell to type 1)
Asthma?
Inflammation and excess mucous secretion obstructs airway
Cystic Fibrosis?
Abnormally thick mucous that’s difficult to clear out of respiratory system
(decreased Cl- secretion results in Na+ absorption with draws water out of mucous)
Emphysema?
Destruction of alveolar walls leads to insufficient gas exchange during respiration
(loss of elastin weakens alveolar wall resulting in enlarged air spaces)
Hyaline Membrane Disease?
Collapse of alveoli
(lack of type 2 results in decreased production of surfactant needed to prevent alveolar collapse)