Lecture 2 (Revised) (Respiratory System)

Question 1

Olfactory Epithelium?

Answer 1

Pseudostratified columnar cells
(lines roof of nasal cavity)
(specialized sensory function)

Question 2

Olfactory Epithelium Layers?

Answer 2

-Supportive (sustentacular) cells
-Olfactory cells containing non-motile cilia
-Basal (stem) cells

Question 3

Axons from basal cells extend through?

Answer 3

Basement Membrane + underlying CT to establish olfactory nerves (provide sensory of smell)

Question 4

Olfactory (Bowman’s) Glands?

Answer 4

Ducts empty onto surface
(glandular tissue)

Question 5

Larynx consists of?

Answer 5

Epiglottis + False Vocal Cord + True Vocal Cord

Question 6

Epiglottis?

Answer 6

Covered by 2 different epitheliums
(anterior = stratified squamous)
(posterior = ciliated pseudostratified)

Question 7

False Vocal Cord?

Answer 7

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar

Question 8

True Vocal Cord?

Answer 8

Stratified Squamous

Question 9

Structures located in underlying CT of Larynx?

Answer 9

-Mucous glands
-Elastic cartilage

Question 10

Damaged Cilia can lead to?

Answer 10

Lung Diseases/Cancer

Question 11

Cilia is motile?

Answer 11

Due to dynein arms (it beats forward in a synchronous patten)

Question 12

Cilia is motile?

Answer 12

Due to dynein arms (it beats forward in a synchronous patten)

Question 13

Trachea?

Answer 13

-Anterior to esophagus
-Covered by ciliated pseudostratified columnar
-Dense CT layer (Perichondrium)
-Hyaline Cartilage

Question 14

Bronchi (Bronchus)?

Answer 14

-Lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar
-Contains hyaline cartilage + mucous glands + smooth muscle

Question 15

Bronchi + Trachea are only respiratory structures to have?

Answer 15

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 16

Bronchioles?

Answer 16

-Terminal lined with shorter ciliated pseudo.
-Respiratory lined with more simple cuboidal
-Contains smooth muscle
-Clara cells

Question 17

Cellular Components of Alveolar Wall?

Answer 17

-Type 1 pneumocytes
-Type 2 pneumocytes
-Fibroblasts
-Macrophages

Question 18

(Bronchioles)
Clara cells?

Answer 18

1st appear in terminal bronchioles (abundant in respiratory bronchioles) (produce lipoprotein)

Question 19

Alveoli form?

Answer 19

Blood-air barrier for gas exchange
(O2 travels through type 1 to endothelial cell)
(CO2 travels through endothelial cell to type 1)

Question 20

Alveoli form?

Answer 20

Blood-air barrier for gas exchange
(O2 travels through type 1 to endothelial cell)
(CO2 travels through endothelial cell to type 1)

Question 21

Asthma?

Answer 21

Inflammation and excess mucous secretion obstructs airway

Question 22

Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 22

Abnormally thick mucous that’s difficult to clear out of respiratory system
(decreased Cl- secretion results in Na+ absorption with draws water out of mucous)

Question 23

Emphysema?

Answer 23

Destruction of alveolar walls leads to insufficient gas exchange during respiration
(loss of elastin weakens alveolar wall resulting in enlarged air spaces)

Question 24

Hyaline Membrane Disease?

Answer 24

Collapse of alveoli
(lack of type 2 results in decreased production of surfactant needed to prevent alveolar collapse)