Lecture 3 Nose/Sinus Flashcards
Nasal Function
Warms and Humidifies air Immune Barrier Smell Drainage and aeration of middle ear Drainage of paranasal sinuses and lacrimal duct
Sinus function
Reservoir of warm humid air
Lightens skull allow voices to resonate better
Crumple zones
Immune barrier
Name the features of the external nasal anatomy
Glabella Nasion Dorsum Supratip Tip Collumnella
Name the bones of the external nasal anatomy
Nasal bones Nasal septum Middle crus Lateral crus Medial crus Frontal process of maxilla
Describe the internal nasal anatomy
Midline-septum Roof-skullbase/cribriform Walls-turbinates Floor- hard palate Eustachian tube
Name the bones of the septum
Septal cartilage- anterior
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone- superior
Vomer- Inferior
What can cause a septal haematoma and what does it lead to
Post trauma
Septum necroses
leading to perforation (drugs)
Needs to be drained
What is the function fo the turbinates
Increases surface area for humidification and warming
What are the turbinates covered in
Erectile tissue
Responds to temperature
What opens underneath turbinates
Sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
What is the function fo the nasolacrimal duct
Drainage pathway of lacrimal secretions (tears) from lacrimal sac
Where does the naslacrimal duct open into and what does that relate to
Inferior mates
Runny nose when crying
Name the paranasal sinuses
2 Frontal
2 maxillary
Sphenoid
Ethmoid air cells
Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells drain
Middle nasal meatus via the ethmoidal infundibulum or the frontonasal duct
Where does the middle ethmoidal air cells drain into
Middle nasal meatus with an opening located on or superiorly to the ethmoid bulla
Where des the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into
Superior nasal meatus by a single orifice
Where is the frontal sinus located
Behind eyebrows
Where does the frontal sinus drain into
Frontal recess via middle meatus
Where does the sphenoid sinus drain via
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Where is the maxillary sinus located
Behind each cheek
Where does the maxillary sinus drain via
Middle meatus
What is sinusitis and what causes it
Sinonasal mucusa inflamed
Allergies, Infection
Normally self-limiting <12 weeks can be chronic
Medical management of sinusitis
Remove allergic triggers +/- antihistamines
Treat infection
Reduce inflammation with steroids
Surgery- to remove polyps, open up sinus drainage pathway
External blood supply
– Sphenopalatine A (via Maxillary)
– Greater Palatine (via Maxillary)
– Superior Labial (via Facial)
Internal blood supply
– Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal A (via Ophthalmic)
What is the most common site for nosebleeds
Kisselbach’s Plexus
Nasal Innervation?
• Almost all Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)
– V1 Ophthalmic
– V2 Maxillary
What is located in the post nasal space
Adenoids (Waldeyer’s Ring)
Eustachian tube opening
Choana
