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Head and Neck > Lecture 11 A Global Perspective to ENT, Ophthalmic & Neurological Conditions > Flashcards

Lecture 11 A Global Perspective to ENT, Ophthalmic & Neurological Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Name determinants of health

A
  • Social class
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
  • Education
  • Health policy
  • Governance
  • Culture
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2
Q

What are the Millennium Development Goals (8)

A
  1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
  2. Achieve universal primary education
  3. Promote gender equality and empower women
  4. Reduce child mortality
  5. Improve maternal health
  6. Combat HIV/AIDs, malaria and other diseases
  7. Ensure environmental sustainability
  8. Global partnership for development
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3
Q

Sustainable Development Goals (17)

A
  1. No poverty
  2. No hunger
  3. Good health
  4. Quality education
  5. Gender Equality
  6. Clean water and sanitisation
  7. Clean energy
  8. Good jobs and economic growth
  9. Innovation and infrastructure
  10. Reduced inequalities
  11. Sustainable cities and communities
  12. Responsible consumption
  13. Protect the planet
  14. Life below water
  15. Life on land
  16. Peace and justice
  17. Partnerships for goals
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4
Q

Name Curable global causa of visual impairment

A

Refractive error

Cataracts

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5
Q

Name Treatable causes of global visual impairment

A

Glaucoma
AMD
Diabetic retinopathy

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6
Q

Name Preventable causes of global visual impairment

A

Diabetic retinopathy
River blindness (Onchocerciasis)
Corneal scar
Trachoma

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7
Q

How is Refractive error treated

A

Glasses

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8
Q

How is Glaucoma treated

A

Lifelong eye drops

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9
Q

What is Trachoma and how it is treated

A

Bacterial infection due to face-washing with dirty water, sharing linen & flies (Chlamydia trachomatis)
SAFE (Surgery, antibiotics, facewashing, environmental)

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10
Q

What is Onchocerciasis

A

River blindness transmitted by by black fly

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11
Q

What are the congenital causes of hearing loss

A

Maternal infections- rubella, syphillis, birth asphyxia

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12
Q

What are the acquired cause of hearing loss

A

Infection
Trauma
Excess noise

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13
Q

What strategies could be used to prevent hearing loss

A 
Immunisation
Education
Hygiene & clean water
Health & safety legislation regarding PPE/noise
Early detection & intervention
Social support
Simple aids
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14
Q

Define DALYS

A
  • The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death
  • DALY = YLL + YLD
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15
Q

What is the 3rd most common cancer in south central asa

A

Oral cancer

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for oral cancer

A

Infections, poor oral hygiene, chewing tobacco/certain nuts(areca), smoking, alcohol, late detection (ltd dentistry),

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